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. 2021 Oct 18;26(20):6289. doi: 10.3390/molecules26206289

Figure 4.

Figure 4

The effect of aspalathin, isoorientin, and orientin on the expression of mitochondrial bioenergetics genes; uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp 2) (a), Complex 1 (b), and Complex 3 (c) in C2C12 cells exposed to antimycin A. Cells were exposed to 6.25 µM antimycin A for 12 h, followed by treatment with aspalathin, isoorientin, orientin (10 µM) and comparative control metformin (1 µM) for 4 h. Insulin (1 µM) for 30 min. Results are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 versus normal control; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 versus antimycin A control.