Table 1.

Negative health impacts associated with e-waste common toxic substances.

Substance	Source/Type of E-Waste Examples	Health Impacts
Cadmium (Cd)	Semiconductors Infrared detectors Chip resistors	Neural Damage Irreversible impacts on human health Substance accumulation on the kidneys
Lead (Pb)	Cathode ray tubes Printed circuit boards Solder	Nervous system damage Kidney damage Blood disorders Chronic impacts on human health Negative effect/damage on the children’s brain development
Barium (Ba)	Fluorescent bulbs Front panel of CRT	Risks caused by the short-term exposure to Ba: Muscle weakness Heart and liver damage Spleen damage Brain swelling
Mercury (Hg)	Printed ciruit boards Batteries Relays and switches Flat-panel display	Brain damage Kidney damage Fetuses Damage
Nickel (Ni)	Printed circuit boards Cathode ray tubes Batteries	Lung damage Decreased lung function Lung cancer Bronchitis
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)	Keyboards Computer housing Cabling Monitors	Respiratory problems due to the formation of hydrochloric acid when PVC is not completely combusted Immune system damage and reproductive issues due to the formation of dioxin when PVC is burned
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)	Transformers Capacitors Condensers	Liver damage Type 2 diabetes
Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs)	Plastic housing of electronic devices/equipment	Endocrine system function disruption