The DXD and QXXRW motifs are required for hyphal growth and pathogenicity of F. verticillioides. (a) Schematic drawing of the FvCpsA protein with the conserved DXD and QXXRW motifs. The two conserved motifs are shown in grey and black. (b) Functional analysis of the DXD and QXXRW motifs. Colony morphology of the wild type, ΔFvcpsA, FvcpsAD161R, FvcpsAD163R, FvcpsAQ301R and ΔFvcpsA-C were grown on PDA agar at 25 °C for 7 days. (c) Bar chart indicates the colony diameters of the strains cultured on the PDA medium for 7 days. The letters a, b and c listed in the bars represent significant differences (p < 0.05), n = 3. (d) Assessment of pathogenicity of the FvcpsAD161R, FvcpsAD163R and FvcpsAQ301R mutants on surface-sterilized B73 kernels. Photos were taken 10 days post-inoculation.