Table 3.

Open data sources used in CFP literature related to risk analysis (sources referred to as ‘websites’ are included).

Geographic Coverage	Organization/Website ID	Source Type	Nature of CFP-Related Data	Link (1)	Reference (2)
Worldwide	3i Interactive Key and Taxonomic Database Software	Public database and software	Taxonomic species identification	http://dmitriev.speciesfile.org/ http://dmitriev.speciesfile.org/key.asp?key=Bacillariales&lng=En&i=1&keyN=1	[37] and PW
Worldwide	AlgaeBase	Public database	Algal species information	https://www.algaebase.org/ http://www.algaebase.org/search/genus/detail/?genus_id=45535	[33]
Worldwide	Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD)	Public database and open data portal	DNA-based species identification	http://www.boldsystems.org/	[36,56,57]
Worldwide	Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees (BEAST)—Tracer	Open-source software	Molecular sequencing/Phylogenetic analysis	http://beast.community/index.html http://beast.community/tracer	[36]
Worldwide	Bayesian Tip-association Significance testing (BaTS)	Open-source software	Phylogenetic analysis	http://evolve.zoo.ox.ac.uk/Evolve/BaTS.html	[36] and PW
Worldwide	FishBase—A Global Information System on Fishes	Public database	Ciguateric fish species	https://www.fishbase.in/search.php (Information by topic/Uses/Ciguatera) https://www.fishbase.in/Topic/List.php?group=27	[36,39,55,57,61]
Worldwide	FishSource—Sustainable Fisheries Partnership	Public database	Status of fisheries, fish stocks, and aquaculture	https://www.fishsource.org/	[70]
Worldwide	GenBank	Public database and open data portal	Genetic sequence (algal species and ciguateric fish)	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ftp/	[56,57,59] and PW
Worldwide	Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)—Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT)	Open data portal	Biodiversity (reef fish, invertebrates and algae, HABs, water quality)	https://www.gbif.org/ https://www1.usgs.gov/obis-usa/ipt/ https://www.gbif.org/dataset/search	[41,50] and PW
Worldwide	Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO—Harmful Algal Bloom Programme/IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae	Public database	Harmful microalgal species information	http://www.marinespecies.org/hab/	[66]
Worldwide	MrBayes: Bayesian Inference of Phylogeny	Open-source software	Phylogenetic and evolutionary models	http://nbisweden.github.io/MrBayes/index.html http://nbisweden.github.io/MrBayes/download.html	[36] and PW
Worldwide	National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Ocean Color & Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC)	Public database, maps and open data portal	Sea surface temperature, salinity, density	https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/ https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/	[45]
Worldwide	National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Worldview EOSDIS (Worldview app) and Earth Science Data Systems (ESDS) program (Earthdata)	Public database, maps and open data portal	Satellite-derived sea surface temperature	https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/ https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search	[33] and PW
Worldwide	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)—Coral Reef Watch (CRW)	Public database and maps	Coral Reef Satellite Monitoring	https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/index.php	[67]
Worldwide	NOAA—Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL)	Open data portal	Climate, sea surface temperature	https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/ https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.noaa.oisst.v2.html	[51,67]
Worldwide	NOAA—National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) (formerly National Climate Data Center)	Public database, maps and open data portal	Environmental (atmospheric, coastal, geophysical & oceanic)	https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/ https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/world-ocean-database	[45,68] and PW
Worldwide	Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS)	Open data portal and public maps	Toxic algal species occurrence	https://obis.org/ https://mapper.obis.org/ https://obis.org/manual/access/	[14,60,66]
Worldwide	The Met Office UK—Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature data set (HadISST)	Open data portal	Climate, sea surface temperature	https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadisst/ https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadisst/data/download.html	[58] and PW
Worldwide	UNESCO–IOC–ICES–PICES/Harmful Algae Event Database (HAEDAT)	Public database and maps	HAB events	http://haedat.iode.org/ http://envlit.ifremer.fr/var/envlit/storage/documents/parammaps/haedat/	[11,14,53,60,63,65,66]
Worldwide	World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)	Public database	Marine organisms’ taxonomy (algae and fish)	http://www.marinespecies.org/index.php	[52]
European Union	European Commission—Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF)	Public database	Occurrence in foods	https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/portal/?event=SearchForm&cleanSearch=1 https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/portal/?event=SearchByKeyword&NewSearch=1&Keywords=cigua	[53,54] and PW
France, Italy, Monaco	RAMOGE/Regional workshop on monitoring and management strategies for benthic HABs	Open documents repository	Various informational	http://www.ramoge.org/fr/news.aspx?id=112	[11]
Canary Islands	Gobierno de Canarias	Open documents repository	CFP occurrence data, general information on CFP intoxication in Canary islands	https://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/agp/sgt/temas/estadistica/pesca/index.html https://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/agp/sgt/galerias/doc/estadisticas/pesca/Estadistica-ciguatera-2017_2018.ods https://www3.gobiernodecanarias.org/sanidad/scs/contenidoGenerico.jsp?idDocument=bb1799ed-b4c0-11de-ae50-15aa3b9230b7&idCarpeta=3ec36999-d4e1-11e2-8241-7543da9dbb8a	[70]
America	Pan American Health Organization/Institutional Repository for Information sharing	Open documents repository	Various informational	https://iris.paho.org/	[11,44] and PW
America (various territories)	NOAA—Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Geographical Information System (GIS) Mapping	Public database, maps	Benthic habitat data	https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/esi_download	[68]
United States of America	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)—National Center for Environmental Health	Open documents repository	General information, Ciguateric fish species, HAB events, statistics	https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ciguatera/default.htm https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ciguatera/fish.htm https://www.cdc.gov/habs/index.html	[11,34,43] and PW
United States of America	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)—Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System	Open documents repository	Foodborne outbreaks’ occurrence	https://www.cdc.gov/fdoss/annual-reports/index.html
United States of America	CDC—National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS)	Public database, maps and statistics, open data portal	Outbreaks’ occurrence by etiology, year, state, primary mode, setting	https://wwwn.cdc.gov/norsdashboard/ (select Etiology → Ciguatoxin)
United States of America	CDC—One Health Harmful Algal Bloom System (OHHABS)	Open documents repository	HABs-related human and animal illnesses & environmental data	https://www.cdc.gov/habs/ohhabs.html https://www.cdc.gov/habs/ohhabs_tables_and_figures.html	[62]
United States of America	Food and Drug Administration (FDA)	Open documents repository	Public policies, Ciguateric fish species, Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance (CFP included)	www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/Seafood/ucm2018426.htm https://www.fda.gov/media/80748/download https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2013/11/22/2013-27913/guidance-for-industry-on-purchasing-reef-fish-species-associated-with-the-hazard-of-ciguatera-fish https://www.fda.gov/media/80637/download	[33,43] and PW
Florida/US	Florida Complaint & Outbreak Reporting System (FL-CORS)	Public database	Online food and waterborne illness complaint forms	https://www.flcors.com/Home.aspx https://www.flcors.com/FWSupport	[34]
Florida/US	Coral Reef Evaluation and Monitoring Project (CREMP)	Open data portal	Coral reefs	https://www1.usgs.gov/obis-usa/ipt/resource?r=coralreefevaluationandmonitoringproject-1999	[50] and PW
Florida/US	Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC)—Water Quality Monitoring Network	Open documents repository	Water quality monitoring	http://serc.fiu.edu/wqmnetwork/ http://serc.fiu.edu/wqmnetwork/Report%20Archive/report%20index.htm	[50] and PW
Florida/US	NOAA—National Hurricane Center (NHC)	Public database, open data portal	Tropical cyclones reporting (North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific basins)	https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/search/index	[68]
Hawaii	NOAA—Central Pacific Hurricane Center	Public database, open data portal	Tropical cyclones reporting (central Pacific)	https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/	[68]
Hawaii	State of Hawaii/Department of Health Disease Outbreak Control Division	Open documents repository	Case reports and statistics	https://health.hawaii.gov/docd/resources/reports/summary-of-reported-cases-of-notifiable-diseases/	[11]
Caribbean countries	Caribbean Epidemiology Center (CAREC)	Open documents repository	Epidemiology	https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/2961	[14,44,60]
Caribbean countries	Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA) CARPHA EvIDeNCe portal	Open documents repository	Public health data	https://carpha.org/Portals/0/Documents/CARPHA-State_of_Public_Health_Inaugural_Report_2013.pdf http://carphaevidenceportal.bvsalud.org/	[14,60] and PW
Caribbean countries	Caribbean Coastal Ocean Observing System (CARICOOS)—Part of Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)	Open data portal, public database and maps	Climate, sea surface temperature, algae index, chlorophyll concentration	https://www.caricoos.org/ https://www.caricoos.org/data-download https://www.caricoos.org/ecosystem-and-water-quality https://www.caricoos.org/#!?detail=SelectOceanColor	[41,68] and PW
Caribbean + Gulf of Mexico	University of South Florida- College of Marine Science-Optical Oceanography Laboratory/Satellite-based Sargassum Watch System (SaWS)	Open data portal, public database and maps	Sargassum sp. seaweed presence/changes	https://optics.marine.usf.edu/projects/SaWS.html Interoperability with CARICOOS: https://www.caricoos.org/oceans/observation/modis_aqua/ECARIBE/afai	[41]
Mexico	Gobierno de México/Comisión Federal de Protección Contra Riesgos Sanitarios (COFEPRIS)	Open documents repository	HAB events	https://www.gob.mx/cofepris/acciones-y-programas/antecedentes-en-mexico-76707	[60] and PW
Australia	Australian Government Department of Health (AGDH)/Communicable Diseases Intelligence	Scientific journal (open access)	Epidemiology, surveillance, prevention & control	https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cdi-search	[11,35] and PW
Australia	AGDH—OzFoodNet	Open documents repository	Foodborne diseases’ surveillance	https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cdna-ozfoodnet-reports.htm
Australia	Safefish—National Ciguatera Fish Poisoning Research Strategy	Open documents repository	Risk mitigation information	https://www.safefish.com.au/-/media/fish-safefish/documents/technical-reports/national-ciguatera-fish-poisoning-research-strategy-final.ashx	[11] and PW
Australia	Sydney Fish Market	Open documents repository	Seafood handling guidelines (incl. CFP)	https://www.sydneyfishmarket.com.au/Seafood-Trading/Quality/Food-Safety https://www.sydneyfishmarket.com.au/Portals/0/adam/Content/41UIctIuJECV0p4vxMVS4Q/ButtonLink/Seafood%20Handling%20Guidelines.pdf	[33]
Cook Islands	Cook Islands Ministry of Health/Te Marae Ora	Open documents repository	Cases statistics 2000–2016 (by year & month)	https://www.health.gov.ck/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2016-National-Health-Information-Bulletin.pdf	[67] and PW
Fiji	Ministry of Health and Medical Services of Fiji	Open documents repository	Outbreak response guidelines	http://www.health.gov.fj/publications/ http://www.health.gov.fj/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Fiji-Communicable-Disease-Surveillance-and-Outbreak-Response-Guidelines-2016-1.pdf	[11]
French Polynesia	Institut Louis Malardé—Ciguatera website	Open documents repository, public database and maps	General information, Ciguateric fish species, epidemiology mapping, surveillance and statistics, various documents	http://www.ciguatera.pf/ https://www.ciguatera.pf/images/poissons/CATALOGUE%20BR%20.pdf https://www.ciguatera.pf/index.php/fr/consultation-et-declaration https://www.ciguatera.pf/index.php/fr/la-ciguatera/surveillance-et-statistiques https://www.ciguatera.pf/index.php/fr/la-ciguatera/videos-et-medias	[11,33,39,41,51,61,64]
New Zealand	New Zealand Ministry of Health/Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd. (ESR)/Public Health Surveillance	Open documents repository	Outbreaks occurrence at annual and monthly basis	https://surv.esr.cri.nz/surveillance/annual_outbreak.php https://surv.esr.cri.nz/surveillance/monthly_surveillance.php	[52] and PW
South Pacific	Pacific Community/South Pacific Epidemiological and Health Information Services (SPEHIS)	Open documents repository	Epidemiology, health data (years: 1974–1996)	https://www.spc.int/DigitalLibrary/PHD/Collection/SPEHIS_SIESPS	[11,40,44,55,58]
Hong Kong	The Government of the Hong Kong special administrative region—Center for Food Safety	Open documents repository	General information, code of practice	https://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/multimedia/multimedia_pub/multimedia_pub_fsf_69_02.html https://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/whatsnew/whatsnew_fsf/whatsnew_fsf_poison_fish.html	[11,61]
Hong Kong	The Government of the Hong Kong special administrative region—Department of Health	Open documents repository	Annual case reports, press releases	https://www.search.gov.hk/result?tpl_id=stdsearch&ui_lang=en&ui_charset=utf-8&gp1=dh_home&gp0=dh_home&site=dh_home&web=this&query=ciguatera	[11]

⁽¹⁾ All links accessed on 25 September 2021. ⁽²⁾ “PW” indicates absent/broken/obsolete links in referenced works retrieved/updated by the present work.