Table 1.
Small-scale commercial farms characterized by the presence of birds housed totally or partially outdoor (Ravenna Province, Northern Italy, 2005–2006).
| Farm ID Number | No. of Locations † | Husbrandry/Commercial Area (Type) | Species Reared | No. of Birds |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | F-RW (breeding) | Mallards, geese | 2000 |
| 2 | 1 | L-BGB (breeding) | Pheasants | 1600–12,000 |
| 3 | 3 | F-RW (breeding) | Ducks, muscovy ducks, geese, swan geese | 6000 |
| 4 | 1 | L-BGB (breeding) | Pheasants | 850 |
| 5 | 1 | F-RW (breeding) | Ducks, muscovy ducks, geese, swan geese | 4800 |
| 6 | 1 | F-RW (restocking, fattening) | Mallards | 1600–3200 |
| 7 | 1 | F-RW (fattening) | Ducks, geese | 1500 |
| 8 | 1 | D (ornamental species dealer) | Ornamental ducks and chickens, pigeons, geese, peacocks, turkeys | 1000 |
| 9 | 1 | G (growing) | Ducks, chickens | 500–1000 |
| 10 | 1 | L-BGB (hatching, breeding, restocking) | Pheasants, red-legged partridges, quails, grey partridges | 5000–45,000 |
| 11 | 1 | L-BGB (restocking) | Pheasants | 48,000 |
| 12 | 4 | L-BGB (restocking) | Pheasants | 10,000–100,000 |
| 13 | 4 | G (growing) | Ducks, guinea fowls, geese, chickens, turkeys | >10,000 |
| 14 | 1 | D (poultry dealer) | Ducks, guinea fowls, geese, chickens, quails | 2000–3000 |
| 15 | 2 | F-RW (hatching, breeding, restocking) | Mallards | 1000–8000 |
| 16 | 1 | F-RW (breeding) | Geese | 1600 |
| 17 | 1 | L-BGB (breeding) | Pheasants, red-legged partridges, rock partridges, grey partridges | 1000 |
†, Each farm consisted of one or more locations sharing epidemiological relationships such as common staff, facilities and management practices. F-RW, free-range waterfowl; L-BGB, land-based game birds; D, dealer; G, grower.