Table 2.
AIV surveillance results in birds and poultry farm workers’ characteristics (Ravenna Province, Northern Italy, 2005–2006).
| Farm ID Number † | No. of PWs Examined/Employed (%) | Yearly Average Occupational Exposure (Min–Max) | AIV Isolation in the Farm | HI Seropositivity in Bird Groups (July 2005–June 2006) ‡, § |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1/1 (100) | 23 | - | H1, H2, H6, H9, H10 |
| 2 | 1/4 (25) | 31 | - | H12 |
| 3 | 3/20 (15) | 11 (8–15) | H4N6 | H4, H11, H13 |
| 4 | 1/2 (50) | 30 | - | H14 |
| 5 | 1/4 (25) | 15 | - | H1, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H10, H11, H13, H14 |
| 6 | 0/1 | na | H4N6 | H2, H4, H5 |
| 7 | 0/2 | na | - | none * |
| 8 | 1/2 (50) | 15 | - | H1, H4, H5, H12, H13, H14 |
| 9 | 0/1 | na | - | none ¶ |
| 10 | 4/5 (80) | 20.5 (2–48) | - | none ** |
| 11 | 11/20 (55) | 12.8 (4–31) | - | H4 |
| 12 | 2/8 (25) | 14 (8–20) | - | H12 |
| 13 | 11/11 (100) | 13.2 (2–40) | - | H2, H9, H12 |
| 14 | 1/3 (33.3) | 30 | H2N2 | none ¶ |
| 15 | 2/2 (100) | 1 (1–1) | H10N7 | H1, H2, H4, H6, H9, H10, H12, H13 |
| 16 | 1/3 (33.3) | 8 | - | H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H11, H12, H13 |
| 17 | 6/7 (85.7) | 15.3 (4–25) | - | H10, H12 |
†, See Table 1 for farm details; AIV, avian influenza virus; PWs, poultry workers; HI, hemagglutination inhibition; ‡, see Table S1 for AIV antigens and antisera used in the HI assay; §, groups of 10 birds per species-specific population were virologically and serologically tested on a monthly basis; na, not available; -, no AIV virus isolation; *, blood samplings were performed only two times; **, blood samplings were performed only seven times; ¶, sera only tested for H5 and H7 AIVs by HI assay. Seropositivity against new HA subtypes, detected in bird farms by periodic blood sampling, is in bold font.