Table 2.

Obesity and the prognosis of bladder cancer.

Study Author	Study Year	Total No. of Patients	Total No. of Studies	Study Type	Comments
Noguchi et al. [19]	2015	8,920,237	7	Review	“In two studies that also examined bladder cancer progression or recurrence, both (100%) noted strong associations of obesity with these outcomes”.
Westhoff et al. [25]	2018	16,198	13 (includes studies A and B)	Systematic review and meta-analysis	“No association of BMI with risk of progression was found. Results for BMI and prognosis in muscle-invasive or in all stages series were inconsistent.”
Gild et al. [26]	2017	Not applicable	N/A	Review	“With regard to the impact of obesity on survival, no final conclusion can be drawn at this time, because past publications have yielded controversial results.”
Lin et al. [27]	2018	6452	11 (includes studies A and B)	Meta-analysis	“We did not observe a difference in the rate of cancer overall survival associated with obesity. However, obese patients were prone to shorter overall survival. The summary HR and 95% CI were 1.21 (0.97–1.52), p = 0.679.”

A = Chromecki et al., 2012 and B = Dabi et al., 2017.