Figure 1.

Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) downregulates Ki67, chk1, and p73 protein levels in early pregnancy. The level of 60 proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation was assessed in human first trimester placental tissue from healthy pregnancies (control, n = 11, gestational week (GW) 5–9) and those complicated with T1DM (n = 12, GW 6–11) using a protein array (A). Associations between GW and Ki67 (B), chk1 (C), and p73 (D) levels were also calculated. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis used a Mann Whitney U-test and Spearman’s correlation. * p < 0.05 vs. control.