Table 1.

Summary of current treatment strategies for diabetic wounds.

Strategy	Intervention	Origin of Evidence	Reference
Debridement	Surgical debridement	Meta-analysis—human	[137]
	Autolytic debridement	Clinical trial	[138]
Wound Cleansing Solutions	Propylbetaine-polihexanide	Porcine models, clinical trial	[139,140,141]
	Polyhexamethylene biguanide	Clinical trial	[142,143]
Oxygen Therapy	Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy	Mice, rabbits, clinical trials	[144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151]
	Topical Oxygen Therapy	Clinical trials	[152,153]
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy	Negative Pressure Wound Therapy	Clinical trials, porcine	[154,155,156,157,158,159]
Off-Loading	Diabetic footwear	Meta-analysis—human	[160,161]
	Surgical off-loading	Meta-analysis—human	[162,163,164]
Growth Factor Therapies	Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)	Case report—human	[27]
	Belcaplermin—human-platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)	FDA approved, Clinical trial	[165,166,167]
Hydrogels	Stem cell hydrogels	Mice, rats, clinical trial	[168,169,170]
	Desferrioxamine-laden silk nanofibers hydrogels	In vitro, rats	[171]
Matrices	Decellularized purified reconstituted bilayer matrix	Clinical trial	[172]
	Acellular dermal matrix	Clinical trial	[173,174]
	Stromal vascular fraction gel	Clinical trial, mice, In vitro	[175,176]
Dressings	Sucrose octasulfate	Clinical trial	[177,178,179]
Skin Substitutes	Apligraf, Dermagraft, etc.	Meta-analysis, clinical trial	[180,181,182]
Platelet Products	Platelet gel	Clinical trial	[183,184]
	Platelet-rich plasma	Clinical trial	[185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196]
	Autologous platelet-derived product	Clinical trial	[197,198,199]
Stem Cells	Unmodified stem cells	Clinical trial, mice, rats	[200,201,202,203,204,205,206]
	Modified stem cells	In vitro, mice, rats	[103,180,181]
	Cell-free stem cell therapies	Mice, rats	[182,207,208,209]
	Adipose stem cell sheets	Clinical trial	[168]