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. 2021 Oct 16;22(20):11177. doi: 10.3390/ijms222011177

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Graphs show the development of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in ipsilateral hind paws with 2% carrageenan (intraplantar) treatment. (A) No significant changes in paw withdrawal frequency (%) were observed in saline-treated animals (Vehicle, n = 8) over the 24 h experimental period compared to that in control animals (Control, n = 8). In contrast, the carrageenan injection group (2% CR, n = 8) exhibited a significant increase in paw withdrawal frequency in the hind limbs from 1 to 24 h after carrageenan injection, which underscores the robust development of mechanical allodynia induced by carrageenan (*** p < 0.001 compared to control mice). (B) No significant changes in paw withdrawal latency (sec) were observed in saline-treated animals over the 24 h experimental period compared to that in control animals. Carrageenan injection significantly decreased paw withdrawal latency from 1 to 24 h in the ipsilateral hind paw (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to control mice).