Table 2.
Exemplary miRNA occurring within the periapical lesions on the basis of the literature [61,68,69,70,71,72].
| MicroRNA (miRNA) | Gene | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| miRNA-155 | 21q21.3 | Inhibition of SEMA3A. Decreased expression of SEMA3A contributes to bone resorption. |
| miRNA-335-5p | 7q32.2 | In inflamed HPDLFs promotes bone resorption (RANKL). |
| miRNA-181b-5p | 1q32.1 | Positive regulation of: acute inflammation (activation of NK-cells, monocytes, T-cells), angiogenesis, macrophages differentiation. Cementoblasts apoptosis. |
| miRNA-146a | 5q33.3 | Anti-inflammatory activity. Negative regulation of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. |
| miRNA-10a-5p | 17q21.32 | Reduction of inflammation. Healing of apical periodontitis. |
SEMA3A–Semaphorin 3A, HPDLFs–Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts, RANKL–Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor κ B Ligand, T-cell–lymphocyte type T, NK–natural killer T-cell, IL-6–Interleukin 6, IL-1β–Interleukin 1 beta, TNFα–Tumor Necro-sis Factor.