Table 4.
Summary of the Mediating Effects of Nutrition Literacy.
| Variables | Mediator | Dependent | BC 95% CI | Mediation Effect % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrition Literacy | Healthy Eating Behavior | ||||
| M2 | M1 | M3 | |||
| Effect | Total Effect | Direct Effect | Indirect Effect | Indirect Effect/Total Effect | |
| Intrapersonal Level | |||||
| IV: Preference for healthy food | 0.212 *** | 0.322 *** | 0.234 *** | 0.088 † | 27.3% |
| Mediator: Nutrition literacy | 0.415 *** | (0.038~0.135) | |||
| ΔR2 (ΔF) | 0.158 (84.21 ***) | ||||
| IV: Healthy eating attitude | 0.403 *** | 0.362 *** | 0.212 *** | 0.150 † | 41.4% |
| Mediator: Nutrition literacy | 0.374 *** | (0.101~0.205) | |||
| ΔR2 (ΔF) | 0.112 (58.21 ***) | ||||
| IV: Healthy eating self-efficacy | 0.381 *** | 0.478 *** | 0.354 *** | 0.124 † | 25.9% |
| Mediator: Nutrition literacy | 0.327 *** | (0.082~0.177) | |||
| ΔR2 (ΔF) | 0.087 (58.38 ***) | ||||
| IV: Emotional eating | 0.103 * | 0.093 | 0.046 | 0.047 | - |
| Mediator: Nutrition literacy | 0.459 *** | (−0.019~0.092) | |||
| ΔR2 (ΔF) | 0.200 (99.64 ***) | ||||
| IV: Mindless eating | 0.026 | −0.102 * | −0.114 * | 0.012 | - |
| Mediator: Nutrition literacy | 0.466 *** | (−0.055~0.049) | |||
| ΔR2 (ΔF) | 0.208 (105.58 ***) | ||||
| IV: Healthy eating difficulty | −0.056 | −0.102 * | −0.076 | −0.026 | - |
| Mediator: Nutrition literacy | 0.459 *** | (−0.096~0.021) | |||
| ΔR2 (ΔF) | 0.201 (101.03 ***) | ||||
| Interpersonal Level | |||||
| IV: Social eating | 0.114 * | 0.089 | 0.037 | 0.052 | - |
| Mediator: Nutrition literacy | 0.459 *** | (−0.019~0.090) | |||
| ΔR2 (ΔF) | 0.200 (99.58 ***) | ||||
| IV: Peer social support | 0.214 *** | 0.290 *** | 0.200 *** | 0.090 † | 31.0% |
| Mediator: Nutrition literacy | 0.419 *** | (0.053~0.154) | |||
| ΔR2 (ΔF) | 0.161 (84.24 ***) | ||||
| IV: Family social support | 0.220 *** | 0.201 *** | 0.104 * | 0.097 † | 48.3% |
| Mediator: Nutrition literacy | 0.441 *** | (0.044~0.147) | |||
| ΔR2 (ΔF) | 0.177 (89.52 ***) | ||||
| Environmental Level | |||||
| IV: Availability of healthy food | 0.161 ** | 0.167 ** | 0.095 * | 0.072 † | 43.1% |
| Mediator: Nutrition literacy | 0.449 *** | (0.028~0.132) | |||
| ΔR2 (ΔF) | 0.189 (94.99 ***) | ||||
| IV: Availability of unhealthy food | 0.168 ** | −0.010 | −0.089 | 0.079 † | - |
| Mediator: Nutrition literacy | 0.476 *** | (0.005~0.109) | |||
| ΔR2 (ΔF) | 0.213 (105.54 ***) | ||||
| Macrosystem Level | |||||
| IV: Exposure to food-related advertising | 0.083 | 0.056 | 0.020 | 0.038 | - |
| Mediator: Nutrition literacy | 0.460 *** | (−0.030~0.084) | |||
| ΔR2 (ΔF) | 0.203 (99.68 ***) | ||||
| IV: Exposure to healthy eating campaigns | 0.327 *** | 0.309 *** | 0.178 *** | 0.131 † | 42.4% |
| Mediator: Nutrition literacy | 0.403 *** | (0.081~0.192) | |||
| ΔR2 (ΔF) | 0.140 (71.43 ***) | ||||
Note: sex, age, residence, and daily dietary expenses were controlled for. Unmarked numbers are standardized regression coefficients (β). M1: The relationship between the independent and dependent variables; M2: The relationship between the independent and mediating variables; M3: The combined effect of the independent and mediating variables on the dependent variable. IV = independent variable, BC = bias-corrected; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; † Significant by 5000 Bootstrap samples, biased corrected methods: 95% CI of standardized coefficient.