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. 2021 Oct 10;14(20):5948. doi: 10.3390/ma14205948

Figure 17.

Figure 17

Mechanisms of SPIONs’ interaction with cells and types of induced toxicity. SPIONs mainly interact with cells through passive diffusion or endocytosis. The endocytosis pathways are: clathrin-mediated, caveolin-mediated and other receptor-mediated.