| ACE2 | angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 |
| BSA | bovine serum albumin |
| COVID-19 | coronavirus disease 2019 |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium |
| EDTA | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| GA | glycyrrhizic acid |
| RBD | receptor-binding domain |
| SARS-CoV-2 | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| S protein | spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 |