Table 4.
Relationship between bone density and clinical characteristics or physical performance
| All (754) | Osteoporosis (n = 260) | Decreased bone mass (n = 287) | Normal (n = 207) | Two-group comparison |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) * | 74 (69.3, 78.8) | 72 (68,78) | 71 (67,75) | a,b,c |
| BMI (kg/m2) * | 21.9 (20.3, 24.1) | 22.7 (20.7,24.3) | 23.1 (21.4,25.4) | a, b |
| SMI (kg/m2)* | 6.07 (5.68,6.71) | 6.32 (5.79,7.01) | 6.9 (6.06,7.65) | a,b |
| Walking speed (m/sec) | 1.48 (1.28,1.6) | 1.45 (1.3,1.63) | 1.47 (1.35,1.6) | N.S. |
| Knee extension force (N) * | 313 (253, 384) | 329.5 (275.5398.1) | 391.6 (315.8499) | a,b |
| One-leg standing (sec) * | 24.1 (8.9, 52) | 26 (10.5,60) | 40 (18.6,60) | a,b |
| Male (276) | Osteoporosis (n = 65) | Decreased bone mass (n = 95) | Normal (n = 116) | |
| Age (years) * | 76 (71,82) | 72 (68,78) | 72 (68.3,75) | b |
| BMI* (kg/m2)* | 22.6 (20.1,24.8) | 22.7 (20.7,24.3) | 23.4 (21.7,25.8) | b |
| SMI (kg/m2)* | 7.25 (6.63,7.55) | 6.32 (5.79,7.01) | 7.57 (7.06,8.11) | a,b |
| Walking speed (m/sec) | 1.46 (1.21,1.61) | 1.45 (1.3,1.63) | 1.47 (1.35,1.59) | N.S. |
| Knee extension force (N) * | 445.7 (337,512) | 329.5 (275.5398.1) | 486.4 (388.3544) | a,b |
| One-leg standing (sec) * | 15.6 (7,34.2) | 26 (10.5,60) | 48.8 (19,60) | b |
| Female (478) | Osteoporosis (n = 195) | Decreased bone mass (n = 192) | Normal (n = 91) | |
| Age (years) * | 74 (69,78) | 72 (67,76.8) | 69 (67,75) | b |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.7 (20.3,24) | 22.2 (20.5,24.3) | 23 (20.9,24.6) | N.S. |
| SMI (kg/m2) | 5.88 (5.56,6.32) | 5.97 (5.54,6.4) | 5.99 (5.7,6.45) | N.S. |
| Walking speed (m/sec) | 1.48 (1.3,1.59) | 1.45 (1.3,1.63) | 1.49 (1.36,1.61) | N.S. |
| Knee extension force (N) * | 291 (236.3360.8) | 300 (246.3352) | 320.6 (272,379) | b |
| One-leg standing (sec) | 28.1 (10.6,56.3) | 25 (10.6,60) | 34.7 (15.6,60) | N.S. |
*: Significant difference in Kruskal-Wallis Test. a: Statistically significant difference between normal group and decreased bone mass group, b: Statistically significant difference between normal group and osteoporosis group, c: Statistically significant difference between the decreased bone mass group and the osteoporosis group. N.S.: No significant differences in all comparisons
Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparison (Mann-Whitney’s U-test, with corrections to the P-values using the Bonferroni method)