Table 5.
Factors associated with bone density
| All subjects | B | Standard error | β | t-value | P-value | CI Lower-Upper |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (0:Male, 1:Female) |
−13.898 | 1.848 | −0.28 | −7.519 | < 0.001 | −17.527 | −10.268 |
| Age (years) | −0.741 | 0.164 | −0.185 | −4.505 | < 0.001 | −1.063 | − 0.418 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.06 | 0.303 | 0.128 | 3.494 | 0.001 | 0.464 | 1.656 |
| One-leg standing (sec) | 0.116 | 0.044 | 0.108 | 2.631 | 0.009 | 0.029 | 0.203 |
| Occlusal force (kgf) | 0.054 | 0.023 | 0.09 | 2.39 | 0.017 | 0.01 | 0.098 |
| (constant) | 1522.885 | 15.418 | 98.771 | < 0.001 | 1492.608 | 1553.163 | |
| SMI (kg/m2) | 0.009 | 0.016 | 0.219 | 0.827 | |||
| Tongue pressure (kPa) | 0.024 | 0.023 | 0.607 | 0.544 | |||
| Masticatory performance (score) | 0.024 | 0.029 | 0.595 | 0.552 | |||
| Knee extension force (N) | 0.033 | 0.044 | 0.832 | 0.406 | |||
| Males only | B | Standard error | β | t-value | P-value | CI Lower-Upper | |
| One-leg standing (sec) | 0.156 | 0.033 | 0.277 | 4.670 | < 0.001 | 0.090 | 0.222 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.922 | 0.264 | 0.205 | 3.493 | 0.001 | 0.402 | 1.442 |
| Occlusal force (kgf) | 0.039 | 0.018 | 0.133 | 2.237 | 0.026 | 0.005 | 0.074 |
| (constant) | 50.183 | 6.249 | 8.030 | < 0.001 | 37.874 | 62.492 | |
| Masticatory performance (score) | −0.024 | −0.031 | −0.372 | 0.71 | |||
| SMI (kg/m2) | 0.037 | 0.052 | 0.581 | 0.562 | |||
| Knee extension force (N) | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.247 | 0.805 | |||
| Age (years) | −0.101 | −0.105 | −1.599 | 0.111 | |||
| Females only | B | Standard error | β | t-value | P-value | CI Lower-Upper | |
| Age (years) | −0.522 | 0.125 | − 0.245 | −4.165 | < 0.001 | − 0.768 | −0.275 |
| (constant) | 117.944 | 9.272 | 12.720 | < 0.001 | 99.690 | 136.198 | |
| Tongue pressure (kPa) | −0.021 | −0.022 | − 0.349 | 0.727 | |||
| Knee extension force (N) | 0.09 | 0.097 | 1.492 | 0.137 | |||
| Occlusal support (reference Group A) | – | – | – | – | |||
| Group B | 0.04 | 0.039 | 0.658 | 0.511 | |||
| Group C | −0.027 | −0.028 | −0.445 | 0.657 | |||
The multiple regression analysis was performed as follows: Dependent variable: SOS, explanatory variables: items significantly associated with bone density in Tables 3 and 4, adjusted variables: age, and sex (only All subjects formula) stepwise selection method (input 0.05, removal 0.10). Italicized explanatory variables are variables that have been removed from the final multiple regression formula
B: Unstandardized coefficient, β: Standardized coefficient, CI: 95% confidence interval for unstandardized coefficient
The coefficient of determination: All subjects; R2 = 0.185, Males only; R2 = 0.155, Females only; R2 = 0.06