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. 2021 Oct 23;7(10):e08233. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08233

Table 4.

Comparison of 2016–2020 annual means of weekly searches for the keywords analysed, based on data from Google Trends.

Keywords Year Average search interest Standard deviation Bilateral significance
Cheat online 2016 8.58 1.399 0.000∗
2017 8.57 1.436
2018 9.75 1.487
2019 13.4 1.329
2020 27.37 4.065
Total 13.51 1.076
Cheat exam online 2016 0.00 0.00 0.000∗
2017 0.00 0.00
2018 0.31 0.30
2019 0.00 0.00
2020 14.44 3.67
Total 2.94 0.81
Cheat exam 2016 19.71 2.65 0.006∗
2017 13.11 1.95
2018 14.12 1.93
2019 13.40 1.69
2020 23.58 3.48
Total 16.77 1.10
Cheat sheets exam 2016 22.94 4.19 0.070
2017 11.68 2.54
2018 13.92 3.19
2019 11.73 2.37
2020 14.52 3.05
Total 14.95 1.41

∗ Significant at p < 0.05 level.