Table 6.
Comparison of the monitoring results of our study with those of previous studies.
| Resins | Nitrosamines | Previous Studies |
Analytical Method | Sample | Detection Frequency | Monitoring Results in Previous Studies (µg/kg) | Monitoring Results in our Study (µg/kg) (Detection Frequency) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Rubber
(n = 49) |
NDMA | KMFDS., 2009 | LC-MS/MS | Nipples | 0/349 | ND | 1.01~1.71 (2/49) |
| Bouma, K., et al., 2003 | GC-TEA | Nipples | 15/19 | 0.20~1.60 | |||
| Anna, V., et al., 2011 | GC-MS/MS | Nipples | 2/2 | 0.30~1.90 | |||
| Mutsuga, M., et al., 2013 | GC-MS | Nipples | 0/3 | ND | |||
| Suh et al., 2017 | PCI-GC-MS/MS | Nipples | 0/93 | ND | |||
| Kühne, F., et al., 2018 | APCI-LC-MS/MS | Elastomer | 18/96 | 0.72~5.22 | |||
| Park, S.J., et al., 2018 | LC-MS/MS | Nipples and baby products, kitchenware | 17/75 | 1.02~3.67 | |||
| NDEA | KMFDS., 2009 | LC-MS/MS | Nipples | 0/349 | ND | 0.33~0.56 (3/49) |
|
| Anna, V., et al., 2011 | GC-MS/MS | Nipples | 0/2 | ND | |||
| Mutsuga, M., et al., 2013 | GC-MS | Nipples | 0/3 | ND | |||
| Suh et al., 2017 | PCI-GC-MS/MS | Food packaging | 0/93 | ND | |||
| Park, S.J., et al., 2018 | LC-MS/MS | Nipples and baby products, kitchenware | 0/75 | ND | |||
| NDPA | KMFDS., 2009 | LC-MS/MS | Nipples | 0/349 | ND | ND (0/49) |
|
| Anna, V., et al., 2011 | GC-MS/MS | Nipples | 0/2 | ND | |||
| Mutsuga, M., et al., 2013 | GC-MS | Nipples | 0/3 | ND | |||
| Park, S.J. et al., 2018 | LC-MS/MS | Nipples and baby products, kitchenware | 0/75 | ND | |||
| NDBA | KMFDS., 2009 | LC-MS/MS | Nipples | 0/349 | ND | 0.12~0.64 (10/49) |
|
| Anna, V., et al., 2011 | GC-MS/MS | Nipples | 0/2 | ND | |||
| Mutsuga, M., et al., 2013 | GC-MS | Nipples | 0/3 | ND | |||
| Kühne, F., et al., 2018 | APCI-LC-MS/MS | Rubber elastomer | 18/96 | 0.54~2.04 | |||
| Park, S.J., et al., 2018 | LC-MS/MS | Nipples and baby products, kitchenware | 0/75 | ND | |||
| Suh et al., 2017 | PCI-GC-MS/MS | Food packaging | 0/93 | ND | |||
| NPIP | KMFDS., 2009 | LC-MS/MS | Nipples | 0/349 | ND | 0.13~0.67 (12/49) |
|
| Anna, V., et al., 2011 | GC-MS/MS | Nipples | 0/2 | ND | |||
| Mutsuga. M., et al., 2013 | GC-MS | Nipples | 0/3 | ND | |||
| Park, S.J., et al., 2018 | LC-MS/MS | Nipples and baby products, kitchenware | 3/75 | 0.38~0.55 | |||
| NPYR | KMFDS., 2009 | LC-MS/MS | Nipples | 0/349 | ND | 0.12~0.15 (2/49) |
|
| Anna, V., et al., 2011 | GC-MS/MS | Nipples | 1/2 | 0.6 | |||
| Mutsuga, M., et al., 2013 | GC-MS | Nipples | 0/3 | ND | |||
| Park, S.J., et al., 2018 | LC-MS/MS | Nipples and baby products, kitchenware | 0/75 | ND | |||
| NMOR | KMFDS., 2009 | LC-MS/MS | Nipples | 0/349 | ND | 0.29~2.77 (29/49) |
|
| Anna, V., et al., 2011 | GC-MS/MS | Nipples | 1/2 | 0.2 | |||
| Mutsuga, M., et al., 2013 | GC-MS | Nipples | 0/3 | ND | |||
| Kühne, F., et al., 2018 | APCI-LC-MS/MS | Rubber elastomer | 18/96 | 0.30~1.50 | |||
| Park, S.J., et al., 2018 | LC-MS/MS | Nipples and baby products, kitchenware | 4/75 | 0.89~1.96 | |||
| NDPhA | Anna, V., et al., 2011 | GC-MS/MS | Nipples | 2/2 | 0.1 | 0.27~1.88 (9/49) |
|
| Kühne, F., et al., 2018 | APCI-LC-MS/MS | Rubber elastomer | 3/96 | 0.42~1.50 | |||
| Zhao, Y.Y., et al., 2006 | ESI-LC-MS/MS | River water | 3/4 | 0.0006~0.0010 | |||
| NMEA | Anna, V., et al., 2011 | GC-MS/MS | Nipples | 0/2 | ND | ND (0/49) |
|
| Zhao, Y.Y., et al., 2006 | ESI-LC-MS/MS | River water | 0/4 | ND | |||
| Wang, X., et al., 2016 | ESI-LC-MS/MS | River water | 1/17 | 1.00 | |||
|
TPE, TPU, PU
(n = 8) |
NDMA | -1) | - | - | - | - | ND (0/8) |
| NDEA | ND (0/8) |
||||||
| NDPA | ND (0/8) |
||||||
| NDBA | ND (0/8) |
||||||
| NPIP | ND (0/8) |
||||||
| NPYR | ND (0/8) |
||||||
| NMOR | 0.92 (1/8) |
||||||
| NDPhA | ND (0/8) |
||||||
| NMEA | ND (0/8) |
1) There is no previous study data.