Table 5.
Anticancer activity of plant-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles.
| Plant Name | Description | Cell Lines Used | Activity (IC50Value) |
Results | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anchusa italica | Flower | Vero cells | 142 μg·mL−1 | Showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity on the growth of Vero cells | Azizi et al. [6] |
| Rosa canina | Fruit | Alveolar adenocarcinoma (A549) cells | >0.1 mg·mL−1 | Exhibited dose-dependent toxicity to A549 cells | Jafarirad et al. [57] |
| Citrullus colocynthis | Fruit, seed and pulp | 3T3 cells | 0.258 mg·mL−1 (Fruit), 0.160 mg·mL−1 (Seed) and 0.210 mg·mL−1 (Pulp) | Showed a dose dependent toxicity on the growth of 3T3 cells with non-toxic effect of concentration below 0.26 mg/mL | Azizi et al. [80] |
| Pongamia pinnata | Seed | Human MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines | 50 μg·mL−1 | More successful in control of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells compared to the seed extract and bulk zinc oxide (positive control) | Malaikozhundan et al. [111] |
| Ziziphus nummularia | Leaf | HeLa cancer cell lines | 50 and 200 μg·mL−1 | Showed potent dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against HeLa cancer cell lines | Padalia and Chanda [7] |
| Mangifera indica | Leaf | Lung cancer A549 cell lines | 25 μg·mL−1 | Significant cytotoxic effect against lung cancer A549 cell lines | Rajeshkumar et al. [65] |
| Costus pictus | Leaf | Daltons lymphoma ascites (DLA) cells | 50 µg·mL−1 | Exhibited strong anticancer behavior against DLA bearing mice cell lines | Suresh et al. [66] |
| Anacardium occidentale | Leaf | Human normal fibroblast cell line (Hu02) and human pancreatic cancer cell lines (Panc-1 and AsPC-1) | 40 μM (Panc-1) and 30 μM (AsPC-1) | Exhibited the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against human pancreatic cancer cell lines | Zhao et al. [88] |
| Kalanchoe pinnata | Leaf | Murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells | – | Exhibited no significant cytotoxicity up to 1 mg/mL in RAW 264.7 cells | Agarwal and Shanmugam [21] |
| Gracilaria edulis | Aqueous extract | Cervical carcinoma cells (SiHa cells) | 35 μg·mL−1 | Exhibited cytotoxic effect against SiHa cells in a dose dependent manner | Asik et al. [89] |
| Juglans regia | Leaf | Human skin fibroblasts | 200 μg·mL−1 | Have less cytotoxicity than chemical zinc oxide nanoparticles | Darvishi et al. [119] |
| Cucurbita pepo | Leaf | Mammalian osteoblast-like MG63 cells | 20 ppm | Induced cytotoxicity that affected the proliferation of MG63 cells in the concentration dependent manner | Hu et al. [120] |
| Pandanus odorifer | Leaf | Breast cancer (MCF-7), liver cancer (HepG2), and lung cancer (A-549) cells | 100 μg·mL−1 | Apoptotic and necrosis effect on MCF-7, HepG2, and A549 cancer cell lines | Hussain et al. [121] |
| Trianthema portulacastrum | Plant | Mouse pre-osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) | – | Showed no toxic effect and the cells were found viable | Khan et al. [39] |
| Cucumis melo inodorus | Rough shell | Human (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 [MCF7]) and murine (TUBO) breast cancer cell lines | 40 µg·mL−1 (MCF7); 20 µg·mL−1 (TUBO) |
Found as a powerful apoptosis inducer in breast cancer cells in human cell line (MCF7) and murine (TUBO cell line and cancer model) | Mahdizadeh et al. [101] |
| Artocarpus heterophyllus | Leaf | Human colon cancer HCT-116 cell lines | 20 μg·mL−1 | Showed excellent cytotoxic effect against human colon cancer HCT-116 cell lines | Majeed et al. [93] |
| Hyssops officinalis | Plant | MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell line | 125 μg·mL−1 | Inhibitory effects on the growth of breast cancer cells and induction of cytotoxicity depending on nanoparticle concentration and time of exposure | Rahimi Kalateh Shah Mohammad et al. [102] |
| Annona squamosa | Leaf | Cervical cancer cells (HeLa cell lines) | 50 μg·mL−1 | Anticancer activity against HeLa cell lines in a dose dependent pattern with a defensive prospect towards mammalian (HEK-293) cells | Ruddaraju et al. [69] |
| Tecoma castanifolia | Leaf | Human lung carcinoma cells (A549) | 65 μg·mL−1 | Conferred better cytotoxic effects on proliferation of A549 cell line | Sharmila et al. [132] |
| Scutellaria baicalensis | Root | HeLa cells (Human cervical cancer cell line) and RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells | 1000 µg·mL−1 | Showed dose-dependent antiproliferative activity against the growth of HeLa cells and no toxicity on RAW 264.7 macrophages (normal immune system cells) | Tettey and Shin [70] |
| Albizia lebbeck | Stem bark | Human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7) | Cytotoxicity: 100 µg·mL−1 (MDA-MB 231) and 5 µg·mL−1 (MCF-7); Proliferation: 100 µg·mL−1 (MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7) |
Inhibited the cell viability and cell number (proliferation) of MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 cells in concentration dependent manner | Umar et al. [26] |
| Lycopersicon esculentum | Leaf | Murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) and Human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells | 100 µg·mL−1 | Zinc oxide nanoparticles were non-toxic to macrophage cells, as no alterations in viability. Treatment of HeLa cells with zinc oxide nanoparticles induced cell growth retardation, cell clumping, cell bursting, and loss of membrane stability and they prevented the proliferation of HeLa cells | Vijayakumar et al. [137] |
| Rehmanniae radix | Plant | Bone cancer cell line MG-63 | 30 μg·mL−1 | Exhibited strong anticancer activity and inducing apoptosis on MG-63 cells via stimulating increased generation of ROS | Cheng et al. [104] |
| Citrus sinensis | Peel | Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) | Below 25 mg·L−1 | Cytotoxicity towards HUVECs exhibited when the concentration exceeded 12.5 mg L−1 | Gao et al. [19] |
| Mussaenda frondosa | Leaf, stem and leaf-derived callus | Human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) | 67.75 µg·mL−1 (Callus) and 85.66 µg·mL−1 (Stem) | Exhibited on par cytotoxic activity on A549 cells in a dose-dependent action | Jayappa et al. [97] |
| Hyssopus officinalis | Leaf | Human prostate cancer (PC3) cells | 8.07 µg·mL−1 (24 h) and 5 µg·mL−1 (48 h) | Demonstrated the dose-dependent cytotoxicity effect and induced apoptosis on PC3 cells | Rahimi Kalateh Shah Mohammad et al. [107] |
| Crotalaria verrucosa | Leaf | HeLa and DU145 cell lines | 7.07 µg·mL−1 (HeLa); 6.30 µg·mL−1 (DU145) | Exhibited the dose-dependent inhibition curve with IC50 value of 7.07 µg/mL and 6.30 µg/mL in HeLa and DU145 cells, respectively | Sana et al. [71] |
| Deverra tortuosa | Plant | Human colorectal epithelial adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), human lung epithelial carcinoma (A549) and normal human lung fibroblast cell line (WI38) | 83.47 μg·mL−1 (A549), 50.81 μg·mL−1 (Caco-2) and 434.60 μg·mL−1 (WI38) | Exhibited the profound selective concentration dependent cytotoxic effect on Caco-2 and A549 cancer cell lines with appreciable lower cytotoxic activity on normal WI38 cells | Selim et al. [99] |
| Euphorbia fischeriana | Root | Lung cancer (A549) cells | 14.5 µg·mL−1 | Induced cytotoxicity and also activated apoptosis during increased ROS formation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited cell migration, altered AO/EtBr staining and induced pro-apoptotic and inhibited anti-apoptotic protein | Zhang et al. [129] |
| Myristica fragrans | Fruit | Streptomyces 85E strain for protein kinase inhibition capability | 5 mg·mL−1 | Clear zones were observed against Streptomyces 85E strain which used to elucidate the protein kinase inhibition capability | Faisal et al. [11] |
| Raphanus sativus | Leaf | Lung cancer cell line (A549) | 40 μg·mL−1 | Showed a better anticancer activity by reducing cell viability | Umamaheswari et al. [29] |