Table 13.
Hybrid controls for HMIs based on Biopotentials and Image-based systems.
| Authors [Reference] | Kind of Sensors | Application Site of Electrodes | Location of Video System/s |
Target | Field |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wei and Hu [204] | EMG electrodes + Video camera | Forehead | towards the subject’s face | Robotic Control | Assistance |
| Haung et al. [205] | Video camera + EEG electrodes |
10–20 EEG international system | towards the subject’s face | Communication | Assistance |
| Downey et al. [206] | Intracortical microelectrode arrays + RGB–D camera | Motor cortex | on the arm of the robot | Robotic Control | Assistance |
| Bu et al. [207] | EMG electrodes + Video camera | Forearm | towards the target objects |
Prosthetic Control |
Assistance |
| Malechka et al. [208] | EEG electrodes + 3 video cameras |
10–10 EEG international system | two video cameras towards subject’s face (one for each eye tracking); one video camera towards the target objects |
Smart Environment Control |
Assistance |
| McMullen et al. [209] | ECoG and depth electrodes + Microsoft Kinect + video camera |
Motor cortex | Kinect sensor towards the target objects; video camera towards the subject’s face |
Prosthetic Control |
Assistance |
| Frisoli et al. [210] | EEG electrodes + scene camera (i.e., 2 infrared cameras + 2 infrared LEDs + 1 wide-angle camera) + Microsoft Kinect | Over sensorimotor cortex | Scene camera mounted on glasses; Kinect sensor towards the target objects |
Robotic Control | Rehabilitation |