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. 2021 Oct 15;21(20):6863. doi: 10.3390/s21206863

Table 15.

Hybrid controls for HMIs based on various combinations of sensors.

Authors
[Reference]
Kind of Hybrid Sensors Application Sites of Hybrid Sensors Target Field
Ubeda et al. [11] EEG electrodes + RFID tags 10–20 EEG international system;
RFID tags near by the target objects.
Robotic Control Assistance, Rehabilitation
Perez et al. [218] Video camera + IMU sensor Video camera (webcam) towards the
patient’s face;
IMU sensor mounted on a cap or headband.
Robotic Control Assistance
Bastos-Filho et al. [219] EMG electrodes + video cameras + IMU sensor +
pressure sensor + EEG electrodes
EMG electrodes on temporal muscles;
Video camera on a pair of glasses worn by the user;
IMU sensor mounted on a cap;
Pressure sensor into a straw;
10–20 EEG international system;
Video camera towards the user’s face.
Robotic Control Assistance
Anwer et al. [220] Microphone + video camera Microphone embedded in the wheelchair;
Video camera towards the user’s face.
Robotic Control Assistance
Gardner et al. [221] Acoustic MMG
sensor + IMU sensor + video camera
MMG and IMU (embedded in a compression sleeve) on the biceps;
Video camera on a pair of glasses worn by the user.
Prosthetic Control Assistance
Wu et al. [222] EOG electrodes + switches (push
button, InfraRed, mercury, long–short tone, and pacifier)
EOG electrodes on eyebrow arch;
Various switches are positioned to be
activated by the user.
Communication Assistance