Figure 7.

Astaxanthin efficiently impaired the secretion of cytokines in LPS-induced DCs and LPS-challenged mice. (A–C) DCs were incubated with the indicated concentrations of astaxanthin and LPS (100 ng/mL) for 24 h. (D–F) C57BL/6 mice were orally given astaxanthin before LPS injection, and then serum was sampled at 4 h after LPS injection. Levels of IL-1β, IL-17, and TGF-β in DC supernatants or serum were measured by ELISA. Results are from one representative experiment of three performed. Data are presented as means ± SD. The comparisons were performed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) (multiple groups). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05).