Table 3.
Risk of Bias Considering Aspects Reported in Section 3.
| Study | (I) Sample Size | (II) Control Group | (III) Blinded Assessment of Outcome | (IV) Adequately Addressing Outcome Data | (V) Standardized Sample Prep | (VI) Conflict of Interest Statement | Risk of Bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abadeh et al. [14] (2020) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | moderate |
| Martinho et al. [16] (2015) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | moderate |
| Yang et al. [21] (2018) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | moderate |
| Lei et al. [22] (2020) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Li et al. [25] (2021) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Yan et al. [32] (2020) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Tan et al. [37] (2021) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Wu et al. [38] (2018) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | moderate |
| Xie et al. [40] (2020) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Yan et al. [42] (2020) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | low |
| Kang et al. [43] (2020) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Sharsheeva et al. [44] (2019) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Shen et al. [45] (2020) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Wen et al. [46] (2017) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Xu et al. [47] (2020) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Yan et al. [48] (2017) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | moderate |
| Zheng et al. [49] (2020) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Abasian et al. [50] (2019) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | moderate |
| Duan et al. [51] (2018) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | moderate |
| He et al. [52] (2019) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | moderate |
| Khatamian et al. [53] (2016) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | moderate |
| Lv et al. [54] (2019) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | low |
| Zhang et al. [55] (2017) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Zhao et al. [56] (2019) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | low |
| Zhang et al. [57] (2019) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | low |
| Jiang et al. [59] (2021) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Kulkarni et al. [60] (2021) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | moderate |
| Pandey et al. [61] (2020) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Vilaca et al. [62] (2013) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | moderate |
| Vilaca et al. [63] (2017) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | moderate |
| Xiao et al. [64] (2020) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Sagir et al. [65] (2016) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | moderate |
| Cao et al. [66] (2020) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | low |
| Spanakis et al. [67] (2014) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | moderate |
| Abd-Elsatar et al. [68] (2019) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Zheng et al. [69] (2015) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | low |
| Tiwari et al. [70] (2017) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | low |
| Chen et al. [71] (2020) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | moderate |
| Xing et al. [72] (2020) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Salah et al. [73] (2019) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Zhao et al. [74] (2021) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | low |
| Faraji Dizaji et al. [75] (2020) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | moderate |
| Dong et al. [76] (2019) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | moderate |
| Ettlinger et al. [77] (2019) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | moderate |
| Jia et al. [78] (2019) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Kamal et al. [79] (2021) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Li et al. [80] (2018) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Qin et al. [58] (2020) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Zhou et al. [81] (2020) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | low |
| Amorim et al. [82] (2012) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | low |
| Kannen et al. [83] (2020) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | moderate |
| Khojaewa et al. [84] (2019) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | low |
| Tomeckova et al. [85] (2012) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | moderate |