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. 2021 Oct 1;9(10):2076. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9102076

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of the late cytosolic trafficking events and nuclear delivery of incoming HPV16 genome. (1) Attachment of HPV virion to HSPGs on the extracellular matrix (ECM) with serine protease kallikrein 8 (KLK8) facilitating extracellular cleavage of L1. (2–3) Conformational changes in both L1 and L2 proteins. (4) Virions and uptake receptors internalized into cell. (5) Viral capsid uncoated; cyclophilin releases L1 and L2 afterwards. (6) L2 protein penetrates intercellular membrane and interacts with cytosolic factors. (7–8) Prophase-pro-metaphase: vesicles containing HPV genome dissociate from TGN and assemble on astral microtubules (MTs) to microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). (9) Metaphase -anaphase: vesicles assemble on spindle microtubules and travel to condensed chromosomes via (presumably) kinesin(s). Adapted from [1] and created with BioRender.