Table 1.
Plants cited in the text with metabolites present in the extracts and their antiplatelet/anticoagulant activity.
| Family | Plants | Classes of Metabolites in the Extracts | Antiplatelet/Anticoagulant Activity of the Extracts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oleaceae | Olea europaea | oleuropein, (+)-cycloolivil, hydroxytyrosol, hydroxytyrosol acetate, | in vitro inhibition of platelet aggregation and activation [120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129] |
| Asteracee | Chamomilla recutita L. | flavonoids apigenin, quercetin, patuletin, luteolin and their glucosides, terpenoids, alphabisabolol and its oxides, azulene, including chamazulene | in vitro inhibition of platelet aggregation [130,131,132,133] |
| Amaryllidaceae |
Allium sativum,
Allium ursinum |
sulfur compounds (alliin, allicin, ajoene, allyl propyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide (DATS), S-allylcysteine (SAC), vinyldithiins, S-allylmercaptocysteine), enzymes (al-liinase, peroxidases, tyrosinase), amino acids (arginine and others) and their glycosides, minerals | in vitro inhibition of platelet aggregation [134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143] |
| Lamiaceae |
Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus atlanticus,
Thymus zygis |
tritepenes, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, betulinic acid, carnosol, micromeric acid, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, rutin, hyperoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside | in vitro prolongation of TT, in vivo inhibition of platelet aggregation [144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151], in vitro prolongation of APTT and PT [155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163] |
| Rosaceae and Asteraceae | Fragaria vesca, Echinacea purpurea, Erigeron canadensis L. | hexuronic acids and phenolic glycoconjugates | in vitro prolongation of APTT and PT [152,153,154] |
| Chrysobalanaceae | Licania rigida | gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, ellagic acid, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol and kaempferol glycoside | in vitro prolongation of APTT and PT; anti-Xa and anti-IIa activity [164,165,166] |
| Papaveracee | Fumaria officinalis | phenolics and flavonoids | in vitro prolongation of APTT and PT [165,166] |
| Lecythidaceae | Careya arborea | 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-Oglucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-(6-O-glucopyranosyl)-gluco pyranoside, gallic acid, | in vitro prolongation of APTT, PT and TT [168,169,170,171,172] |
| Violaceae | Viola yedoensis | dimeresculetin | in vitro prolongation of APTT, PT and TT [173,174] |
| Euforbiacee | Euphorbia resinifera | serine protease EuRP-61 | in vitro prolongation of APTT and PT and inhibition of platelet aggregation [175,176] |
| Orobanchaceae | Orobanche caryophyllacea, Phelipanche arenaria, Phelipanche ramosa | phenylpropanoid glycosides: tubuloside A, poliumoside, 3-O-methylpoliumoside | in vitro prolongation of APTT, PT and TT [177] |
| Rubiaceae | Genipa americana | glycoconjugates composed mainly by arabinose, galactose and uronic acid | in vitro prolongation of APTT and inhibition platelets aggregation; in vivo inhibition of venous thrombus formation and increasing of bleeding time [178,179] |
| Acanthaceae | Pseuderanthemum palatiferum | olyphenolic–polysaccharide conjugates | in vitro prolongation of APTT and PT [181,182] |