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. 2021 Sep 28;13(10):3420. doi: 10.3390/nu13103420

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Main epigenetic alterations of histone posttranslational modifications induced by β-HB. Histone posttranslational modifications which relate to the epigenetic regulation of β-HB mainly consist of histone methylation, acetylation, as well as a new type of histone lysine bhb. β-HB administration alters the modification of chromatin conformation through the epigenetic pathway. Chromatin structure is represented by DNA (blue line) organized in nucleosomes formed by core histones (grey square). Abbreviations: ac, acetylation; bhb, β-hydroxybutyrylation; β-HB, β-hydroxybutyrate; me, methylation.