Table A3.
List of aptamers and their properties for treatment and detection of influenza virus subtypes.
| Reference | Influenza Type | Detection/Therapy | Mode of Detection/Therapy | Detection Range or Binding Affinity | Target | RNA/DNA | Size | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [136] | Detection | - | 1 μg/mL | viral nucleoprotein and vasopressin | DNA | Nucleoprotein - 63 nt AptaRes Ag & Vasopressin-54 nt IDT company, 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, Iowa 52241, USA | 2012 | |
| [137] | influenza A/H1N1 | Detection | Microfluidic SELEX | Kd = 55.14 ± 22.40 nM | Whole Virus | DNA | 40 nt | 2014 |
| [138] | Both A and B | Detection | Gold nano attachment to virus | Kd = 44 ± 6 nM | hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) | RNA | Various sizes | 2014 |
| [119] | H1N1 | Detection | ELISA/SPR | nM range | Surface protein hemagglutinin HA1 subunit of subtype H1 | DNA | G-quadruplex | 2015 |
| [139] | H3N2, H2N2, H5N1, H1N1 | Detection | Kd Tokio 0.7 ± 0.2 and Jilin 1.2 ± 0.2 μg/mL | Tokio virus 8 ng/mL Jilin-HA 800 ng/mL | Viral SELEX | RNA | 25 nt | 2013 |
| [133] | H5N1 | Detection | Sandwich assay amperometric | 100 fM | H5N1 specific | DNA | 72 nt | 2015 |
| [131] | H5N1 | Detection | Impedance | 0.0128 hemagglutinin units (HAU) | H5N1 specific | DNA | - | 2015 |
| [130] | H5N1 | Detection | Gold Nanogate enzymatic sensor | 2–9 HAU | H5N1 | DNA | - | 2015 |
| [140] | H5N1 | Detection | metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) sensing platform | 2 and 3.5 ng/mL | recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) protein | DNA | G-quadruplex | 2015 |
| [129] | H5N1 | Detection | enzymatic catalysis with electrochemical impedance | 8 × 10−4 HAU in 200 μL | recombinant IGF-I | DNA | 72-nt biotin labelled | 2014 |
| [128] | H5N1 | Detection | (Kd) of 4.65nM | 12.8 HAU | hemagglutinin | DNA | N74 | 2013 |
| [127] | H5N1 | Detection | QCM based sensor | 0.0128 to 128 HAU | H5N1 surface protein | DNA | 75 nt IDT Company, 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, Iowa 52241, USA | 2013 |
| [126] | H5N1 | Detection | SPR based portable sensor | 0.128 to 1.28 HAU | haemagglutinin (HA | DNA | 74 nt | 2012 |
| [132] | H5N1 | Detection | Electrochemical | 4.3 × 10−13 M/L | AIV H5N1 gene sequences | DNA | 23 nt Takara Biotech, 2560 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, CA 95131, USA | 2011 |
| [141] | H5N1, H1N1, and H3N2 | Detection | sandwich enzyme-linked aptamer assay | Kd 1.53 × 10−8 M | HA1 protein | DNA | - | 2014 |
| [142] | Influenza A | Detection | Labelling | Visual | hemagglutinin (HA) | DNA | 68 nt Sangon biotech, 698 Xiangyu Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai Zip Code: 201611 | 2011 |
| [135] | - | Detection | SERS | 0.1 μg/ml | Viral Nucleoprotein | DNA | 22 nt AptaRes AG | 2011 |
| [103] | Influenza A | Detection | activatable silver nanoclusters beacon | High affinity | H1N1/H5N1 genes | DNA | small nt sequence | 2017 |
| [143] | H3N2 | Detection | Impedimetric glycan-based biosensor | 5 aM | Glycan | DNA | 2016 | |
| [144] | H5N1 | Detection | nanowell-based QCM aptasensor | 2−4 HAU/50 μL | hemagglutin glycoprotein | DNA | 2017 | |
| [145] | H9N2 | Detection | RT-I-PCR | Kd = 40.67 nM | H9 gene | DNA | 26 nt | 2017 |
| [146] | H3N2 | Detection | Dual Recognition Element Lateral Flow Assay | 2 × 10−6 virus particles | A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2) | RNA | 75 nt | 2014 |
| [122] | H5N2 | Therapy | 70% cell viability | hemagglutinin | RNA | 40 nt | 2014 | |
| [123] | H5N2 | Therapy | Selection and Binding | Significant inhibition of HA | hemagglutinin | RNA | 40 nt | 2011 |
| [125] | H9N2 | Therapy | capillary electrophoresis SELEX | H9N2 AIV purified haemagglutinin | DNA | - | 2015 | |
| [124] | H9N2 | Therapy | 3-fold survival | Same affinity as mouse antibody | globular region of the H9-type HA | DNA | 28 nt | 2011 |