Skip to main content
. 2021 Oct 13;11(10):699. doi: 10.3390/metabo11100699

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Inhibition of viral infection in benfooxythiamine (BOT)-treated cells in combination with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG). Caco-2 cells were pre-treated with different concentration of BOT for 24 h. Then, the 2DG at concentration 5mM or 10 mM was added and cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2/FFM7 at MOI 0.01. (A) Representative images illustrating immunohistochemistry staining of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in SARS-CoV-2/FFM7 infected Caco-2 cells treated with BOT in combination with 2DG. (B) Quantification of illustrating immunohistochemistry staining of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in SARS-CoV-2/FFM7 infected Caco-2 cells treated with BOT in combination with 2DG. Values represent the mean ± SD of the three independent experiments. p-values were determined with a two-sided unpaired t-test. *** p ≤ 0.001 (C) Quantification of viral genomes in supernatant of SARS-CoV-2 infected Caco-2 cells treated with BOT in combination with 2DG or BOT alone. SARS-CoV-2/FFM7 RNA copy numbers used the RNA-polymerase (RdRp) gene by qRT-PCR of RdRp gene. Values represent mean ± SD of the three independent experiments. p-values were determined with a two-sided unpaired t-test. ns: not significant; * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01. Effects of BOT in combination with 2DG on cell viability are provided in Supplementary Figure S1. (D) Simplified scheme of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway. The targets for 2DG and BOT are depicted in red. The scheme was created with BioRender.com (accessed on 18 August 2021).