Table 5.
The detailed characteristics of the studied irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients for the studies included to the systematic review.
| Ref. | Participants (Female Participants) Number |
Age (Mean ± SD/Range) | Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria |
|---|---|---|---|
| [36] | 51 (47) | According to group: 34 ± 12 years (vitamin D supplementation) 36 ± 15 years (placebo) |
Inclusion: confirmed IBS (the ROME III criteria) Exclusion: any antibiotic use in the past 4 weeks; recent changes in IBS medication; pregnancy; current use of vitamins or probiotic supplements; history of gastrointestinal surgery; diabetes; current use of antidepressants or antipsychotics |
| [37] | 85 (57) | 37.9 years (range 18–73) | Inclusion: aged 18–70; confirmed IBS (the ROME III criteria) Exclusion: any evidence of abdominal surgery or radiation; celiac disease, or other primary GI illnesses; GI infection obscuring IBS symptoms; total parenteral nutrition therapy in the last 6 months; pregnancy; lactation; alcohol consumption; concurrent chronic diseases such as diabetes, renal failure, and kidney stones; diagnosed and/or treated malignancy in the past 5 years; serum calcium levels > 10.6 mg/dL; intake of vitamin D, omega-3, vitamin E, and calcium supplements; being on a special diet or medication regimen during the last 6 months |
| [38] | 100 (100) | According to group: 41.32 ± 12.62 years (vitamin D and placebo of soy isoflavones supplementation) 39.76 ± 12.99 years (placebo of vitamin D and of soy isoflavones supplementation) |
Inclusion: women; aged 18–75; confirmed IBS (the ROME III criteria); BMI of 18–25 kg/m2 Exclusion: intestinal organic diseases; intestinal infection; history of colorectal disorders; major intestinal surgery; current use of antibiotics; anti-diarrhea and anti-constipation drugs; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; metocloperamide, cisaperide, difenoxilate, opium and immune suppressors; use of any type of soy products and/or vitamin D; use of synthetic sweeteners 2 days before and during the study; pregnancy; lactation; history of breast cancer (in case of patient, her mother and sisters); diet therapy; hormone therapy; substantial changes in dietary intakes during the study; using vitamin D supplements or soya supplements (not planned within intervention) during the study |
| [39] | 116 (116) | According to group: 42.24 ± 12.26 years (for vitamin D supplementation) 40.06 ± 13.37 years (for placebo) |
Inclusion: women; aged 18–75; confirmed IBS (the ROME III criteria); BMI of 18–25 kg/m2 Exclusion: intestinal organic diseases; intestinal infection; history of colorectal disorders; major intestinal surgery; current use of antibiotics; anti-diarrhea and anti-constipation drugs; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; metocloperamide, cisaperide, difenoxilate, opium and immune suppressors; use of any type of soy products and/or vitamin D; use of synthetic sweeteners 2 days before and during the study; pregnancy; lactation; history of breast cancer (in case of patient, her mother and sisters); diet therapy; hormone therapy; substantial changes in dietary intakes during the study; using vitamin D supplements or soya supplements (not planned within intervention) during the study; serum vitamin D level of > 75 nmol/L |
| [40] | 74 (39) | 35.51 ± 10.43 years | Inclusion: aged 18–65 years; confirmed IBS (the ROME IV criteria and World Gastroenterology Organization questionnaire for healthcare professional of IBS patients criteria); IBS-SSS score of 175–300 Exclusion: pregnancy; lactation; GI disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, GI infection; history of colon cancer, intestinal surgery or radiotherapy, and cholecystectomy; taking vitamin D supplement in the last 6 months; use of other supplements; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoid and antidepressants drug containing serotonin resorptive antagonists, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants used; alcohol, or caffeine intake or smoking 12 h before the laboratory test; serum vitamin D > 75 nmol/L; any abnormal response or side effect to supplementation; blood in the stool; fast weight lost; using < 80% of supplements |
| [41] | 135 (106) | 30.01 ± 10.46 years | Inclusion: aged ≥ 18 years; confirmed IBS (the ROME III or ROME IV criteria at diagnosis); a TSS ≥ 150 Exclusion: regular use of nutritional supplements; pregnancy; lactation; BMI < 18 kg/m2; BMI > 30 kg/m2; any history of other gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., inflammatory bowel diseases, diverticulitis, cancer); diabetes; recent or planned vacation |
IBS—Irritable Bowel Syndrome; GI—gastrointestinal; BMI—Body Mass Index; (IBS-SSS)—Irritable Bowel Syndrome—Severity Score System; TSS—Total Symptom Severity Score.