Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of predictive factors for mortality.
| Variables | Univariate Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) * | ||
| Age | 0.003 | |||
| <70 | Reference | |||
| ≥70 | 5.353 (1.793–15.985) | |||
| Sex | 0.184 | |||
| Female | Reference | |||
| Male | 0.520 (0.198–1.364) | |||
| Smoking | 0.820 (0.233–2.886) | 0.757 | ||
| Body mass index | 1.003 (0.892–1.127) | 0.961 | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0.008 | 0.030 | ||
| <3 | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥3 | 6.304 (1.626–24.441) | 5.381 (1.179–24.559) | ||
| CURB-65 | 0.091 | |||
| <2 | Reference | |||
| ≥2 | 2.292 (0.875–6.002) | |||
| SOFA score | 0.014 | 0.016 | ||
| <3 | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥3 | 3.514 (1.287–9.593) | 5.040 (1.344–18.899) | ||
| APACHE II score | 0.074 | |||
| <10 | Reference | |||
| ≥10 | 2.444 (0.916–6.526) | |||
| Duration of fever | 1.015 (0.977–1.054) | 0.452 | ||
| Hypertension | 0.679 (0.249–1.849) | 0.449 | ||
| Diabetes | 1.007 (0.374–2.713) | 0.988 | ||
| Remdesivir | 2.167 (0.818–5.737) | 0.120 | ||
| Vasopressor | 1.971 (0.759–5.120) | 0.163 | ||
| Corticosteroid | 0.405 (0.035–4.690) | 0.470 | ||
| Neuromuscular blocker | 0.290 (0.099–0.853) | 0.024 | ||
| Time from HFNC initiation to intubation | 0.045 | 0.035 | ||
| <48 h | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥48 h | 3.030 (1.027–8.939) | 4.757 (1.118–20.236) | ||
| ROX index before intubation | 0.799 (0.614–1.039) | 0.094 | ||
| Chest X-ray | 0.985 | |||
| Normal or unilateral | Reference | |||
| Bilateral or multifocal | 1.012 (0.278–3.688) |
* The clinical variables entered into the model were age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, CURB-65, SOFA score, APACHE II score, corticosteroid, neuromuscular blocker, time from HFNC initiation to intubation, and ROX index before 2 h of intubation. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; CURB-65 = Confusion, Urea nitrogen, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, 65 years of age and older; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; APACHE = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; HFNC = high-flow nasal cannula; and ROX = pulse oximetry/fraction of inspired oxygen/respiratory rate.