Table 1.
Patient demographics of neonatal invasive group B streptococcus (GBS) infections in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH).
| Demographics | All Cases (Total n = 188) |
Complicated GBS Infections with/without Meningitis (Total n = 69) | Uncomplicated GBS Bacteremia (Total n = 119) |
p Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age (week), median (IQR) | 38.0 (36.3–39.0) | 38.0 (36.0–39.0) | 39.0 (37.0–40.0) | 0.049 |
| Birth body weight (g), median (IQR) | 2885.0 (2551–3235) | 2750.0 (2490–3120) | 2960.0 (2640–3305) | 0.039 |
| Gender, (male/female, n/%) | 81 (43.1)/107 (56.9) | 31 (44.9)/38 (55.1) | 50 (42.0)/69 (58.0) | 0.761 |
| Birth by NSD/Cesarean section, n (%) | 130 (69.1)/58 (30.9) | 45 (65.2)/24 (34.8) | 85 (71.4)/34 (28.6) | 0.414 |
| 5 min Apgar score < 7, n (%) | 12 (6.4) | 6 (8.7) | 6 (5.0) | 0.362 |
| Premature rupture of membrane, n (%) | 35 (18.6) | 20 (29.0) | 15 (12.6) | 0.007 |
| Onset of GBS bacteremia (day), median (IQR) | 25.5 (9.3–53.8) | 18.0 (2.0–32.5) | 30.0 (15.0–56.0) | 0.001 |
| Early-onset sepsis (≤7 days), n (%) | 44 (23.4) | 26 (37.7) | 18 (15.1) | 0.002 |
| Late-onset sepsis (8–90 days), n (%) | 133 (70.7) | 40 (58.0) | 93 (78.2) | 0.002 |
| Very late-onset sepsis (>90 days), n (%) | 11 (5.9) | 3 (4.3) | 8 (6.7) | 0.142 |
| Clinical features *, n (%) | ||||
| Fever (≥38.3 ℃) | 153 (81.4) | 49 (71.0) | 104 (87.4) | 0.007 |
| Apnea, bradycardia and/or cyanosis | 67 (35.6) | 54 (78.3) | 13 (10.9) | <0.001 |
| Ventilator requirement | <0.001 | |||
| Room air or nasal canuala | 124 (66.0) | 23 (33.3) | 101 (84.9) | |
| Non-invasive ventilator (N-CPAP and N-IMV) | 18 (9.6) | 3 (4.3) | 15 (12.6) | |
| Intubation | 37 (19.7) | 34 (49.3) | 3 (2.5) | |
| High-frequency oscillatory ventilator | 9 (4.8) | 9 (13.0) | 0 (0) | |
| Abdominal distension and/or vomiting | 71 (37.8) | 40 (58.0) | 31 (26.1) | <0.001 |
| Hypoglycemia | 22 (11.7) | 13 (18.8) | 9 (7.6) | 0.032 |
| Hypotension | 34 (18.1) | 33 (47.8) | 1 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Severe sepsis | 39 (33.1) | 39 (56.5) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy | 13 (6.9) | 13 (18.8) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Requirement of blood transfusion ** | 88 (46.8) | 38 (55.1) | 50 (42.0) | 0.096 |
| Laboratory data at onset of GBS bacteremia, n (%) | ||||
| Leukocytosis (WBC > 20,000/L) | 110 (58.5) | 35 (50.7) | 75 (63.0) | 0.125 |
| Leukopenia (WBC < 4000/L) | 41 (21.8) | 24 (34.8) | 17 (14.3) | 0.002 |
| Shift to left in WBC (immature > 20%) | 23 (12.2) | 11 (15.9) | 12 (10.1) | 0.255 |
| Anemia (hemoglobin level < 11.5 g/dL) | 97 (51.6) | 38 (55.1) | 59 (49.6) | 0.545 |
| Thrombocytopenia (platelet < 150,000/μL) | 31 (16.5) | 24 (34.8) | 7 (5.9) | <0.001 |
| Metabolic acidosis | 27 (14.4) | 23 (33.3) | 4 (3.4) | <0.001 |
| Coagulopathy | 30 (16.0) | 27 (39.1) | 3 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 40.7 (10.8–104.0) | 83.2 (21.7–167.9) | 20.4 (7.0–57.6) | <0.001 |
* At onset of GBS bacteremia; ** including leukocyte poor red blood cell and/or platelet transfusion. All data are expressed as number (%) or median (IQR). IQR: interquartile range; WBC: white blood cell count; N-CPAP: nasal continuous positive airway pressure; N-IMV: non-invasive mechanical ventilation.