| BMI | body mass index |
| CI | confidence interval |
| CVD | cardiovascular disease |
| EQ-5D | EuroQol 5-dimension |
| HGS | handgrip strength |
| HRQOL | health-related quality of life |
| IRB | institutional review board |
| KNHANES | Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| n | number |
| OR | odds ratio |
| SD | standard deviation |