Table 3.

Standardized total and indirect effects of the structural equation model using VH as the response variable in populations of Portuguese-speaking countries. (N = 6843).

Pathways	General	Gender		Age Group (Years)			Education
		Men	Women	18 to 29	30 to 49	50 or More	Elementary and High School	University
Total effects
COVS→VH	−0.009	−0.117*	0.056	0.028	0.008	−0.031	0.002	0.002
MIS→VH	0.523 **	0.579 **	0.517 **	0.416 **	0.911 *	0.372 **	0.480 **	0.495 **
CIR→VH	−0.122 *	−0.152 *	−0.122 *	−0.291 *	−0.110	−0.410 **	−0.106 *	−0.098 *
PS→VH	0.305 **	0.276 **	0.334 **	0.474 **	0.107	0.124	0.314 **	0.314 **
GB→VH	0.795 **	0.750 **	0.799 **	0.514 **	0.474 **	0.881 **	0.809 **	0.804 *
Specific indirect effects
COVS
COVS→PS→VH	−0.050 **	−0.079 **	−0.021	−0.061	−0.022	−0.012	−0.041 *	−0.041 *
COVS→GB→VH	0.008	−0.067	0.065 *	0.022	0.004	0.046	0.034	0.034
COVS→CIR→VH	0.010 *	0.027 *	−0.005	−0.039	0.021	−0.027	0.009 *	0.011 *
COVS→GB→PS→VH	−0.001	0.004	−0.011 *	−0.003	0.000	−0.002	−0.004	−0.004
COVS→PS→CIR→VH	0.001	0.006	0.001	0.011	0.001	0.002	0.001	0.001
COVS→GB→PS→CIR→VH	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
MIS
MIS→PS→VH	−0.026	−0.018	−0.046	−0.085	−0.034	−0.006	−0.020	−0.021
MIS→GB→VH	0.322 **	0.296 **	0.348 **	0.185 **	0.299 **	0.346 **	0.295 **	0.301 **
MIS→CIR→VH	−0.001	0.000	0.001	0.038	−0.022	0.049	0.005	0.002
MIS→GB→PS→VH	−0.034 **	−0.018 *	−0.058 **	−0.028 *	−0.007	−0.012	−0.034 **	−0.034 **
MIS→PS→CIR→VH	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.015	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000
MIS→GB→PS→CIR→VH	0.001	0.001	0.002	0.005	0.000	0.002	0.001	0.001
PS
PS→CIR→VH	−0.008	−0.021	−0.011	−0.104 *	−0.004	−0.027	−0.006	−0.005
GB
GB→PS→VH	−0.094 **	−0.048 *	−0.159 **	−0.089 *	−0.011	−0.030	−0.104 **	−0.102 *
GB→PS→CIR→VH	0.002	0.003	0.005	0.016	0.000	0.005	0.002	0.002

CIR: COVID-19 individual responses; MIS: COVID-19 misinformation; COVS: COVID-19 suffering; VB: Vaccine conspiracy beliefs; PS: Perceived stress; VH: Vaccine hesitancy. * p-value<0.05. ** p-value<0.001.