| ANOVA | analysis of variances |
| BMGY | buffered glycerol-complex medium |
| BMMY | buffered methanol-complex medium |
| CBR | Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-25 |
| CCD | central composite design |
| CS | chitosan |
| FT-IR | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy |
| IPTG | β-D-thiogalactopyranoside |
| MD | minimal dextrose |
| MM | minimal methanol |
| PAL | phenylalanine ammonia-lyase |
| PVA | polyvinyl alcohol |
| RSM | response surface methodology |
| SDS-PAGE | sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| TFE-SEM | thermal field emission scanning electron microscope |