Table 2.
Relationship between dietary compound intake and iAs metabolism and health effects related to As exposure.
| Reference | Population | Dietary Assessment Methods | Component | Main Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Desai et al., 2020 [23] |
n = 290 Montevideo (Uruguay), children ~7 years |
2 nonconsecutive 24 h recalls | vitamin B6—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (−), %iAs (NS) |
| vitamin B2 and B12—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (NS), %iAs (NS) | |||
| Desai et al., 2020 [25] |
n = 307 Montevideo (Uruguay), children ~7 years |
2 nonconsecutive 24 h recalls | vitamin B12—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (NS), %iAs (NS) |
| folate—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (−), %iAs (NS) | |||
| Kordas et al., 2016 [26] |
n = 357 Montevideo (Uruguay), children ~5–8 years |
2 nonconsecutive 24 h recalls | folate—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (+), %MMA (−), %iAs (NS), tAs (NS) |
| Kurzius-Spencer et al., 2017 [24] |
n = 2420 U.S., adults and children > 6 years |
24 h recall | vitamin B6—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (NS), %iAs (NS), DMA/MMA (NS) (in the group of children) urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (NS), %iAs (−), DMA/MMA (NS) (in the group of adults) |
| vitamin B12—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (NS), %iAs (NS), DMA/MMA (NS) (in the groups of adults and children) | |||
| folate—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (NS), %iAs (NS), DMA/MMA (NS) (in the group of children) urine: %DMA (+), %MMA (NS), %iAs (−), DMA/MMA (NS) (in the group of adults) |
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| Spratlen et al., 2018 [31] |
n = 935 Arizona, Oklahoma, North Dakota, South Dakota, men and women >14 aged |
FFQ | vitamin B2, vitamin B6, folic acid—dietary intake | urine: %DMAs (NS), %MMAs (NS), %iAs (NS) |
| vitamin B6—dietary intake | risk for metabolic syndrome (+), risk for diabetes (+), HOMA2-IR (+) | |||
| vitamin B2, folic acid—dietary intake | risk for metabolic syndrome (NS), risk for diabetes (NS), HOMA2-IR (NS) | |||
| Lopez-Carillo et al., 2016 [28] |
n = 1027 Mexico, women |
FFQ | methionine—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (+), %MMA (NS), %iAs (−), DMA/MMA (+), DMA/iAs (+) |
| betaine—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (NS), %iAs (NS), MMA/iAs (NS), DMA/MMA (NS) | |||
| choline—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (+), %MMA (NS), %iAs (−), DMA/MMA (+), DMA/iAs (+) | |||
| vitamin B2, vitamin B6—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (NS), %iAs (NS), DMA/MMA (NS), DMA/iAs (NS) | |||
| vitamin B12—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (+), %MMA (NS), %iAs (−), DMA/MMA (+), DMA/iAs (+) | |||
| folate—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (NS), %iAs (−), DMA/MMA (NS), DMA/iAs (+) | |||
| zinc—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (+), %MMA (−), %iAs (−), DMA/MMA (+), DMA/iAs (+) | |||
| Heck et al., 2009 [29] |
n = 10,402 Bangladesh, men and women |
FFQ | methionine—dietary intake | urine: tAs↑ and (+) |
| Heck et al., 2007 [27] |
n = 1016 Bangladesh, men and women |
FFQ | methionine—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (+), %iAs (−), MMA/iAs (+), DMA/MMA (NS) |
| betaine—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (NS), %iAs (NS), MMA/iAs (NS), DMA/MMA (NS) | |||
| choline—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (NS), %iAs (NS), MMA/iAs (NS), DMA/MMA (+) | |||
| vitamin B2—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (+), %iAs (NS), MMA/iAs (+), DMA/MMA (−) | |||
| vitamin B6—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (NS), %iAs (NS), MMA/iAs (NS), DMA/MMA (NS) | |||
| vitamin B12—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (+), %iAs (−), MMA/iAs (+), DMA/MMA (NS) | |||
| folate—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (NS), %iAs (NS), MMA/iAs (NS), DMA/MMA (NS) | |||
| Bommarito et al., 2019 [32] |
n = 1166 Chihuahua (Mexico), men and women |
FFQ | vitamin B2, vitamin B12, folate—sufficient and insufficient | urine: %DMAs↔, %MMAs↔, %iAs↔ |
| Spratlen et al., 2017 [30] |
n = 405 Arizona, Oklahoma, North Dakota, South Dakota, men and women |
FFQ | vitamin B2, B6—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (+), %MMA (−), %iAs (−) |
| vitamin B12, folate– dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (NS), %iAs (NS) | |||
| Steinmaus et al., 2005 [33] |
n = 87 U.S., men and women |
HHHQ | zinc—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (+), %MMA (−), %iAs (NS) |
| vitamin B2, vitamin B6, folate—dietary intake | urine: %DMA (NS), %MMA (NS), %iAs (NS) | |||
| Argos et al., 2010 [34] |
n = 9833 Araihazar (Bangladesh), men and women |
FFQ | vitamin B6—dietary intake | urine: tAs (+) |
| vitamin B2, vitamin B12, folate—dietary intake | urine: tAs (NS) | |||
| Chen et al., 2007 [36] |
n = 10,910 Bangladesh, men and women |
FFQ | vitamin B2, B6, B12, folate—low intake level | ORs of high pulse pressure↑, ORs of systolic hypertension↑ (weak association) |
| Howe et al., 2017 [35] |
n = 418 New Hampshire, men and women |
FFQ | vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate—sum of B vitamin—dietary intake | urine: proportion of MMAs (−), 15-F2t-IsoP (−) |
| Koutros et al., 2018 [37] |
n = 2366 Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, case with bladder cancer and control group |
DHQ | folate—high and low intake level | ORs of risk of bladder cancer↔ (weak association) |
| Melkonian et al., 2012 [38] |
n = 16,391 Araihazar (Bangladesh), cases with skin lesions and control group |
FFQ | vitamin B2, folate—low intake level | keratotic skin lesion risk (+) |
| Deb et al., 2012 [39] |
n = 208 West Bengal, cases with skin lesions and control group |
24 h recall | choline, vitamin B2, zinc—low intake level | ORs of skin lesions↑ (in the group of women) |
| choline, zinc—low intake level | ORs of skin lesions↑ (in the group of men) | |||
| vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate | ORs of skin lesions↔ (in the group of women and men) | |||
| Mitra et al., 2004 [40] |
n = 384 West Bengal (India), cases with skin lesions and control group |
24 h recall | folate—low intake level | ORs of skin lesions↑ |
| vitamin B2, vitamin B6, zinc | ORs of skin lesions↔ | |||
| Zablotska et al., 2008 [41] |
n = 10,628 Araihazar (Bangladesh), men and women |
FFQ | vitamin B2, B6, folic acid—high intake level | PORs risk for skin lesions↓ |
| vitamin B12 | PORs risk for skin lesions↔ | |||
| Desai et al., 2018 [42] |
n = 328 Montevideo (Uruguay), children ~5–8 years |
2 nonconsecutive 24 h recalls | folate—low intake level | cognitive performance (NS) tAs—concept formation (−), tAs—scores of numbers reversed subtest (+), tAs—cognitive efficiency (+) |
| folate—mean intake level | scores on: verbal comprehension (+), visual auditory learning (+), verbal ability (+), general intellectual abilities (+) tAs—sound integration scores (+) |
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| folate—high intake level | scores on: visual auditory learning (−), concept formation (+), numbers reversed (+), cognitive efficiency (+) tAs—concept formation (+) |
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| Desai et al., 2020 [43] |
n = 239 Montevideo (Uruguay), children ~5–8 years |
2 nonconsecutive 24 h recalls | vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate—dietary intake | broad math and reading scores (calculation, math facts fluency, applied problems, sentence reading fluency, letter word identification, passage comprehension) and urinary tAs (NS) |
| Gruber et al., 2012 [44] |
n = 920 New Hampshire, men and women |
FFQ | vitamin B12—dietary intake | toenail: tAs (−) |
↑—significant increase; ↓—significant decrease; ↔—no significant changes; (+)—positively association; (−)—negatively association; (NS)—no significant association; DHQ—diet history questionnaire; DMA—dimethylarsinic acid; DMAs—monomethyl arsenic species; FFQ—food frequency questionnaire; HHHQ—health habits and history questionnaire; HOMA2-IR—Homeostatic Model Assessment Index 2; iAs—inorganic arsenic; MMA—monomethylarsonic acid; MMAs—monomethyl arsenic species; ORs—odds ratios; PORs—prevalence odds ratios; tAs—total arsenic species; 15-F2t-IsoP—15-F2t-isoprostane.