Table 2.
Summary of published studies on epileptic seizures in patients with MS.
| Type of Study | Number of Patient with MS | Patients with Seizures (Percentage) |
Predominant Seizure Type | Seizure Occurrence at MS Onset | Seizure Occurrence before MS Onset | Seizure Occurrence after MS Onset | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple Partial | Complex Partial | Secondary Generalized (sGTCS) |
Generalized Tonic Clonic | Status Epilepticus | |||||||
| Cohort | 5041 | 102 (2%) In 67 patients (1.3%), epileptic seizure could not be explained by any cause other than MS |
34 (50.7%) | Less frequent | 28 (41.8%) | 33 (49.3%) | 18 (26.9%) | 7 cases | 26 case | 69 case | [28] |
| Retrospective review of the records | 310 | 10 (3.2%) | 2 | 1 case of simple partial | 6 | 2 | 2 cases of sGTCS | 4 cases | Not reported | Not reported | [26] |
| Retrospective registered-based study | 14,545 | Cumulative incidence: 502 (3.5%)(CI 3.17–3.76) The 5-year prevalence: 1.7% (CI 1.54–1.98) |
Single seizure was present in 3.0% (CI 2.77–3.32) of patients with MS | 0.48% | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | [52] | |||
| Systematic review | 32 studies | Incidence: 2.28% (CI: 1.11–3.44%), at the range of 0.65–5.97% Prevalence: 3.09% (CI: 2.01–4.16%) at the range of 0.89–8.06% |
Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | [29] |
| Retrospective review of the records | 1267 * | 22 (1.74%) | Focal onset in 17 patients (77.3%) | 14 out of 17 patients with MS (82.4%) | 5 (22.7%) | 3 (13%) | - | 2 (9.1%) | 16 (72.7%) | [51] | |
| Cohort | 428 | 13 (3%) | 10 (77%) | Half of patient with focal seizure (38.5%) | 3 (23%) | 0 | 4 (31%) | - | 8 ** | [44] | |
| Retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological study | 431 | 19 (4.4%) 14 cases with active epilepsy |
4 cases | 3 cases | 11 cases | - | 5 (36%) | 2 | 1 | 11 cases | [56] |
* The first appearance of seizures for four patients (18.2%) could not be explained by the assessment of their medical records. ** One remaining patient was considered as clinically isolated syndrome. CI: 95% confidence interval; sGTCS: Secondary generalized tonic clonic seizure.