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. 2021 Sep 27;11(10):655. doi: 10.3390/metabo11100655

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The human aldose reductase (AR). Quantum model of catalysis based on mobile proton revealed by subatomic X-ray and neutron diffraction studies of human aldose reductase (h-AR). The structure presents results of combined studies of the enzyme human aldose reductase (h-AR, 36 kDa) using single-crystal X-ray data (0.66 A, 100 K; 0.80 A, 15 K; 1.75 A, 293 K), neutron Laue data (2.2 A, 293 K), and quantum mechanical modeling. These complementary techniques unveiled the internal organization and mobility of the hydrogen bond network that defines the properties of the catalytic engine, explaining how AR overcomes the simultaneous requirements of efficiency and promiscuity and thus offering a general mechanistic view for this class of enzymes [1], doi:10.2210/pdb2R24/pdb.