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. 2021 Jul 7;19(11):2206–2220. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13648

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Overview of population genetic analysis of Malus accessions. (a) Phylogenetic tree (neighbour‐joining) of all accessions constructed using whole‐genome SNPs. Pyrus communis (cultivated pear) is included as an outgroup. Four main groups are: East Asia (red), Hybrids (light green), Central Asia (blue), and Domestica (dark green). Other samples: Europe (purple), North America (yellow), and Unidentified (grey). (b) A Circos image representing the diversity of different components: heat map view of SNPs (I) and InDels (II). Total genetic diversity of the East Asia (III), Natural Hybrids (IV), Central Asia (V), and Domestica (VI) groups. The outer rings indicate individual chromosomes. (c) PCA plots of the first three components for four groups: East Asia (brown), Natural Hybrids (yellow), Central Asia (blue), and Domestica (green). (d) Population structure of four groups inferred using ADMIXTURE for an assumed number of groups (K) from 2 to 4. Each colour represents one ancestral population. Each group is indicated by a vertical bar.