Table 2.
Association between the risk of malnutrition (MNA-SF), sarcopenia (EWGSOP2), and frailty status (Fried criteria) and the incidence of COVID-19 (n = 241)
| Risk of COVID-19 based on the malnutrition status | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence of COVID-19 | p value | Crude HR (95% CI) |
Adjusteda HR (95% CI) |
||
| Yes (n = 27) | No (n = 214) | ||||
| Malnutrition risk | |||||
| Yes (n = 16) | 2 (12.5) | 14 (87.5) | 0.70 | 1.02 (0.24–4.29) | 1.14 (0.26 – 5.07) |
| No (n = 225) | 25 (11.1) | 200 (88.9) | |||
| Risk of COVID-19 based on the sarcopenia status | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence of COVID-19 | p value | Crude HR (95% CI) |
Adjustedb HR (95% CI) |
|||
| Yes (n = 27) | No(n = 214) | |||||
| Sarcopenia | ||||||
| Yes (n = 23) | 3 (13.0) | 20 (87.0) | 0.73 | 1.24 (0.37–4.10) | 1.25 (0.35–4.42) | |
| No (n = 218) | 24 (11.0) | 194 (89.0) | ||||
| Risk of COVID-19 based on the frailty status | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence of COVID-19 | p value | Crude HR (95% CI) |
Adjustedc HR (95% CI) |
||
| Yes (n = 27) | No (n = 214) | ||||
| Frailty | |||||
| Yes (n = 18) | 8 (44.4) | 10 (55.6) | < 0.001 | 5.84 (2.56–13.35) | 7.01 (2.69–18.25) |
| No (n = 223) | 19 (8.5) | 204 (91.5) | |||
aAdjusted for age, sex, number of drugs per participant, number of comorbidities per participant, MMSE score, and level of physical activity (Minnesota)
bAdjusted for age, sex, BMI, number of drugs per participant, number of comorbidities per participant, MMSE score, and level of physical activity (Minnesota)
cAdjusted for age, sex, BMI, number of drugs per participant, number of comorbidities per participant, and MMSE score