. 2021 Oct 23;34(1):223–234. doi: 10.1007/s40520-021-01991-z

Table 3.

Association between the different frailty criteria (Fried criteria) and the 2 year incidence of COVID-19 (n = 241)

Risk of COVID-19 based on each frailty criterion
	Incidence of COVID-19		p value	Crude HR (95% CI)	Adjusted^a HR (95% CI)
	Yes (n = 27)	No (n = 214)	p value	Crude HR (95% CI)	Adjusted^a HR (95% CI)
Weight loss
Yes (n = 32)	5 (15.6)	27 (84.4)	0.37	1.49 (0.57–3.94)	1.56 (0.58–4.20)
No (n = 209)	22 (10.5)	187 (89.5)	0.37	1.49 (0.57–3.94)	1.56 (0.58–4.20)
Low muscle strength
Yes (n = 146)	17 (11.6)	129 (88.4)	0.79	1.16 (0.53–2.53)	1.18 (0.50–2.76)
No (n = 95)	10 (10.5)	85 (89.5)	0.79	1.16 (0.53–2.53)	1.18 (0.50–2.76)
Exhaustion
Yes (n = 45)	9 (20.0)	36 (80.0)	0.04	2.13 (0.96–4.74)	1.65 (0.67–4.06)
No (n = 196)	18 (9.2)	178 (90.8)	0.04	2.13 (0.96–4.74)	1.65 (0.67–4.06)
Low walking speed
Yes (n = 11)	3 (27.3)	8 (72.7)	0.11	2.61 (0.78–8.67)	2.33 (0.64–8.41)
No (n = 230)	24 (10.4)	206 (89.6)	0.11	2.61 (0.78–8.67)	2.33 (0.64–8.41)
Low physical activity level
Yes (n = 12)	4 (33.3)	8 (66.7)	0.03	4.15 (1.43–12.03)	5.18 (1.37–19.54)
No (n = 229)	23 (10.0)	206 (90.0)	0.03	4.15 (1.43–12.03)	5.18 (1.37–19.54)

^aAdjusted for age, sex, number of drugs per participant, number of comorbidities per participant, and MMSE score