Table 11.

Characteristics of the evolution of problem-driven and crisis-driven research fields in science

Origin	Problem-driven research fields	Crisis-driven research fields
Type of evolution	Linear in short and long run	Exponential in the short run, linear in the long run
Growth of scientific products in the initial phase of development	Arithmetic increment	Geometric/Exponential increment
Active institutions	Public research organizations and public/private universities	Public research organizations and public/private universities
Funding institutions	Public funding institutions and foundations	Public funding institutions and foundations
Prolific countries	Rich countries	Rich countries
Open Access	Low intensity	High intensity
Document type	Articles and conferences	Articles, letters and notes
Discoveries and paradigm shifts	Long-run	Short-run
Example of research fields	COPD, Lung Cancer	COVID-19