. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Causes Control. 2021 Aug 4;32(12):1375–1384. doi: 10.1007/s10552-021-01485-3

Table 3.

Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of breast cancer recurrence, breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM), and all-cause mortality (ACM) associated with antihypertensive use by molecular subtype with patients currently using other antihypertensives serving as the reference group, among US women aged 21-69, 2004-2015.

	Luminal			Triple-Negative			HER2-overexpressing
	Recurrence¹	BCSM	ACM	Recurrence¹	BCSM	ACM	BCSM	ACM
Sample size	350	378	381	255	291	292	93	94
Number of events	30	47	98	60	83	127	23	34
Person-years at risk	1,602	3,325	3,354	790	2,069	2,082	718	720
	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
Diuretics ²
Not current	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
Current	0.8 (0.4, 2.0)	0.7 (0.3, 1.3)	0.8 (0.5, 1.3)	0.8 (0.5, 1.4)	0.9 (0.6, 1.4)	1.0 (0.7, 1.4)	0.4 (0.05, 3.1)	0.9 (0.3, 2.9)
CCB
Not current	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
Current	^†	1.5 (0.5, 4.1)	1.6 (0.9, 2.7)	1.1 (0.5, 2.3)	1.3 (0.6, 2.6)	1.5 (0.9, 2.3)	^†	1.8 (0.5, 6.5)
BB
Not current	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
Current	0.8 (0.3, 2.1)	1.1 (0.5, 2.3)	1.5 (0.9, 2.4)	1.1 (0.6, 2.0)	1.1 (0.7, 1.9)	1.4 (0.9, 2.2)	0.8 (0.1, 5.0)	0.7 (0.2, 2.2)
ACEI
Not current	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
Current	2.8 (1.1, 6.7)	2.3 (1.2, 4.3)	1.3 (0.8, 2.0)	1.2 (0.7, 2.2)	1.4 (0.8, 2.3)	1.1 (0.7, 1.6)	1.0 (0.1, 8.0)	1.2 (0.3, 4.7)

Patients with Stage IV disease or a 2^nd primary were excluded from recurrence models. Recurrence models restricted to patients with medical record review.

Current use of antihypertensive medications defined as use within the six months prior to one month before the date of diagnosis.

^†

<5 breast cancer events occurred in this group in the majority of imputed datasets and thus HRs could not be reliably reported.

All models adjusted for stage, definitive local treatment, chemotherapy, race, body mass index, current use of diabetes medications, current use of lipid-lowering medications, and age at diagnosis. Luminal models also adjusted for history of hormonal treatment. HER2-overexpressing models also adjusted for history of trastuzumab treatment.

Abbreviations: BCSM = breast cancer-specific mortality; ACM = all-cause mortality; HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; CCB = calcium channel blocker; BB = beta blocker; ACEI = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors