Table 2.
Prevalence [95% Confidence Interval] of ACEs and Emotional and Behavioral Problems by Race/Ethnicity, Maryland High School Students, 2018
| ACEs and emotional and behavioral problems | Total (n = 40,188) | White (n = 21,326) | Black (n = 7,843) | Latinx (n = 4,847) | Asian (n = 1,661) | Multiracial (n = 2,765) | All other (n = 1,746) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual ACEs | |||||||
| Food insecurity | 16.9 [15.9, 18.0] | 10.1 [9.2, 10.9] | 24.7 [22.7, 26.8] | 22.3 [19.7, 24.8] | 6.8 [4.8, 8.7] | 19.1 [16.4, 21.9] | 23.5 [19.9, 27.0] |
| Family gambling or substance use | 23.7 [22.8, 24.6] | 24.1 [23.2, 25.1] | 22.8 [21.3, 24.4] | 27.1 [24.7, 29.5] | 14.3 [10.8, 17.8] | 28.7 [25.6, 31.7] | 22.7 [19.1, 26.4] |
| Mental illness of a family member | 29.2 [28.3, 30.0] | 33.7 [32.6, 34.9] | 24.1 [22.7, 25.6] | 28.0 [25.0, 30.9] | 19.6 [16.6, 22.5] | 39.5 [36.3, 42.8] | 30.6 [26.2, 35.0] |
| Family member has been in prison/jail | 23.5 [22.4, 24.5] | 17.2 [16.2, 18.1] | 33.3 [31.2, 35.4] | 24.5 [21.8, 27.2] | 7.4 [4.7, 10.1] | 30.6 [27.4, 33.7] | 28.8 [24.3, 33.4] |
| Caregiver verbal abuse | 20.3 [19.5, 21.1] | 19.0 [18.0, 20.0] | 21.7 [19.7, 23.6] | 20.9 [19.2, 22.6] | 16.8 [13.9, 19.7] | 26.6 [23.7, 29.5] | 21.0 [17.4, 24.6] |
| No. of ACEs | |||||||
| None | 43.7 [42.6, 44.9] | 47.4 [46.2, 48.7] | 37.5 [35.4, 39.6] | 39.7 [37.3, 42.1] | 62.5 [58.0, 67.0] | 34.3 [30.7, 37.8] | 44.4 [39.6, 49.1] |
| One | 25.8 [24.9, 26.6] | 25.0 [23.9, 26.0] | 28.3 [26.7, 30.0] | 25.9 [23.7, 28.0] | 21.0 [18.2, 23.7] | 25.4 [22.4, 28.4] | 22.7 [18.6, 26.8] |
| Two | 15.1 [14.4, 15.7] | 12.9 [12.3, 13.5] | 17.9 [16.4, 19.4] | 17.3 [15.7, 18.8] | 9.8 [7.4, 12.1] | 17.5 [15.1, 19.9] | 14.6 [11.0, 18.2] |
| Three or more | 15.4 [14.7, 16.2] | 14.7 [13.9, 15.5] | 16.3 [14.5, 18.1] | 17.1 [15.0, 19.2] | 6.8 [4.6, 9.0] | 22.8 [19.9, 25.7] | 18.3 [14.7, 21.9] |
| Emotional and behavioral problems | |||||||
| Poor school performance | 21.1 [20.0, 22.2] | 15.2 [14.0, 16.4] | 27.1 [25.5, 28.7] | 29.1 [26.5, 31.6] | 9.4 [7.1, 11.7] | 20.6 [17.3, 23.8] | 27.1 [23.1, 31.0] |
| Emotional distress (past 2 weeks) | 31.8 [30.7, 32.9] | 30.6 [29.2, 32.0] | 30.9 [29.1, 32.7] | 36.6 [33.5, 39.8] | 26.3 [23.1, 29.4] | 39.4 [36.5, 42.3] | 33.0 [28.9, 37.0] |
| Suicidal ideation (past 12 months) | 17.7 [17.1, 18.4] | 17.6 [16.7, 18.5] | 17.7 [16.5, 19.0] | 16.7 [15.0, 18.5] | 15.3 [12.6, 18.0] | 25.8 [23.5, 28.1] | 18.8 [15.2, 22.3] |
| Physical fighting at school (past 12 months) | 11.5 [10.7, 12.2] | 7.2 [06.5, 08.0] | 16.6 [15.2, 18.0] | 12.2 [10.6, 13.8] | 4.3 [3.1, 5.6] | 13.1 [11.0, 15.2] | 17.0 [14.3, 19.6] |
| Alcohol use (past 30 days) | 23.8 [22.6, 24.9] | 32.2 [30.6, 33.9] | 16.5 [15.1, 18.0] | 19.4 [16.8, 22.1] | 13.4 [10.7, 16.1] | 28.0 [24.3, 31.7] | 24.3 [20.7, 27.9] |
| Marijuana use (past 30 days) | 17.3 [16.4, 18.2] | 18.6 [17.3, 19.9] | 17.8 [16.3, 19.4] | 16.1 [14.1, 18.1] | 7.1 [05.0, 09.2] | 21.2 [18.4, 24.0] | 17.3 [14.5, 20.2] |
Note. ACE = adverse childhood experience.