TABLE 1.
Age-standardized characteristics in the Nurses’ Health Study II population at 1991 baseline and average 4-y change by change of GDQS over the period 1991–20151
| 4-y change, points | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 (n = 68,336) | <−5 (decrease) | −5 to <−2 (decrease) | −2 to 2 (little change) | >2 to 5 (increase) | >5 (increase) | |
| Age, y | 36.3 ± 4.6 | |||||
| Current weight, kg | 66.6 ± 15 | |||||
| 4-y weight change, kg | 3.0 ± 7.0 | 2.4 ± 6.2 | 1.7 ± 6.0 | 1.4 ± 6.1 | 0.7 ± 6.5 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.5 ± 5.3 | 1.1 ± 2.5 | 0.9 ± 2.3 | 0.6 ± 2.2 | 0.5 ± 2.2 | 0.3 ± 2.4 |
| Physical activity, METs/wk | 20.7 ± 27 | −0.7 ± 30.1 | −0.4 ± 27.8 | −0.5 ± 27.9 | 0.2 ± 27.8 | 0.2 ± 27.6 |
| Current smokers | 11.9 | |||||
| Sleep, h/d | 5.9 ± 1.0 | 5.9 ± 1.1 | 5.9 ± 1.0 | 5.9 ± 1.0 | 5.9 ± 1.0 | 5.9 ± 1.0 |
| TV watching, h/wk | 8.9 ± 8.5 | 0.3 ± 9.0 | 0.3 ± 8.5 | 0.2 ± 7.6 | 0.2 ± 8.5 | 0.3 ± 8.6 |
| Alcohol, g/d | 3.2 ± 6.1 | 0.4 ± 7.0 | 0.6 ± 6.9 | 0.5 ± 6.6 | 0.8 ± 6.6 | 0.9 ± 6.7 |
| Total calories, kcal/d | 1776 ± 534 | −153 ± 509 | −77 ± 491 | −17 ± 479 | 73 ± 482 | 147 ± 505 |
| GDQS | 21.6 ± 5.1 | −7.4 ± 1.8 | −3.4 ± 0.9 | 0.0 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 7.8 ± 2.2 |
| GDQS+ (healthy) score | 13 ± 4.6 | −5.7 ± 2.7 | −2.9 ± 2.6 | 0.0 ± 2.8 | 2.7 ± 2.5 | 5.8 ± 2.9 |
| GDQS− (unhealthy) score | 8.6 ± 2.5 | −1.7 ± 2.4 | −0.8 ± 2.3 | 0.2 ± 2.3 | 1.0 ± 2.3 | 2.1 ± 2.5 |
| MDD-W | 4.2 ± 1.5 | −1.0 ± 1.4 | −0.5 ± 1.4 | 0.0 ± 1.4 | 0.4 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 1.4 |
| AHEI-2010 | 48 ± 10.8 | −5.5 ± 8.4 | −1.7 ± 8.2 | 2.0 ± 8.2 | 5.8 ± 8.2 | 10.4 ± 8.9 |
1Values are means ± SDs for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. AHEI-2010, Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010; GDQS, Global Diet Quality Score; MDD-W, Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women; MET, metabolic equivalent.