TABLE 9.

Covariate-adjusted associations between the GDQS, GDQS-, and AHEI-2010 compared with biochemical outcomes related to NCD risk among nonpregnant nonlactating women of reproductive age in the total population or within urban and rural strata of cross-sectional datasets¹

¹Values indicate ORs or EMM (95% CI) per 1SD increase in metrics. ORs and EMMs are estimated from covariate-adjusted regression models of associations between metrics (expressed in quintiles) and continuous outcomes, or dichotomous outcomes defined according to clinically relevant cutoffs. See footnote to Figure 1 for adjustment covariates. Color indicates statistically-significant linear trend across metric quintiles (P < 0.05) (green: protective, red: deleterious). *P < 0.05 Wald test comparing trends between the GDQS and other metrics. Sample size corresponds to the number of participants with dietary data (for some outcomes, available sample size was smaller; refer to (25–33) for more details). AHEI-2010, Alternative Healthy Eating Index – 2010; GDQS, Global Diet Quality Score; 24HR, 24-hour recall.