Table 1.
Characteristics of Improved Patients Compared with the Nonimproved Ones
| Outcome, N (%) | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Failure | Clinical Improvement | |||
| Gender: women | 15 (65.2%) | 87 (66.9%) | 0.9 | |
| Removal of superficial temporal artery | 2 (9.1%) | 8 (6.2%) | 0.6 | |
| Doppler site | 1 (4.3%) | 8 (6.2%) | 0.7 | |
| Nerve wrap ADM | 6 (26.1%) | 73 (56.2%) | 0.008* | |
| Response to injection | None | 1 (5.6%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0.2 |
| Local | 3 (16.7%) | 31 (31.0%) | ||
| Botox/Mar/Triamcinolone | 14 (77.8%) | 68 (68.0%) | ||
| Trigger | 1 | 17 (77.3%) | 97 (75.2%) | 0.8 |
| 2 | 18 (81.8%) | 96 (74.4%) | 0.4 | |
| 3 | 9 (40.9%) | 55 (42.6%) | 0.9 | |
| 4 | 15 (68.2%) | 97 (75.2%) | 0.5 | |
| 5 | 6 (27.3%) | 56 (43.4%) | 0.1 | |
| 6 | 10 (45.5%) | 68 (52.7%) | 0.5 | |
| Drug | NSAIDs | 2 (8.7%) | 11 (8.5%) | 0.9 |
| Ergotamine | 7 (30.4%) | 9 (6.9%) | 0.001* | |
| Cox 2 inhibitors | 1 (4.3%) | 17 (13.1%) | 0.3 | |
| Propranolol | 6 (26.1%) | 19 (14.6%) | 0.2 | |
| Imitrex | 3 (13.0%) | 23 (17.7%) | 0.6 | |
| SSRI | 6 (26.1%) | 27 (20.8%) | 0.6 | |
| Steroids | 2 (8.7%) | 10 (7.7%) | 0.9 | |
| Antidepressants | 5 (21.7%) | 9 (6.9%) | 0.02* | |
| Anticonvulsant | 11 (47.8%) | 57 (43.8%) | 0.7 | |
| Benzodiazepine | 3 (13.0%) | 10 (7.7%) | 0.4 | |
| Antipsychotics | 6 (26.1%) | 37 (28.5%) | 0.8 | |
| Erenmalm | 0 (0%) | 7 (5.4%) | 0.3 | |
| Comorbidities | Arthritis | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0. 7 |
| Depression | 5 (21.7%) | 40 (30.8%) | 0.4 | |
| Anxiety | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0. 7 | |
| Bipolar | 2 (8.7%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.06 | |
| PTSD | 2 (8.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.02* | |
| Personality disorders | 1 (4.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.1 | |
| Hypertension | 1 (4.3%) | 15 (11.5%) | 0.5 | |
| Whiplash injury | 0 (0%) | 14 (10.8%) | 0.1 | |
| Sports injury | 0 (0%) | 5 (3.8%) | 0.4 | |
| Thyroid | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.7 | |
| Budd Chiari | 1 (4.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.1 | |
| Trauma | 3 (13.0%) | 39 (30.0%) | 0.1 | |
| Diabetes | 1 (4.3%) | 10 (7.7%) | 0.6 | |
| Obesity | 2 (8.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.02* | |
| POTTS | 1 (4.3%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.3 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 4 (17.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0.001* | |
| Chronic spinal pain | 1 (4.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.1 | |
| History of cervical surgery | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.7 | |
| History of skull base surgery | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.7 | |
| Back pain | 0 (0%) | 3 (2.3%) | 0.5 | |
| Eye injury | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.7 | |
| Seizure | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.7 | |
| Intracranial bleeding | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.7 | |
| Eclampsia | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.5%) | 0.5 | |
| Reoperation | 12 (52.2%) | 16 (12.3%) | <0.001* | |
Categorical variables are presented here.
NSAIDs, Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; SSRI, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
*P < 0.05.