Table 1.

Summary of the pathogens that are vectored by the seven focal Culex species and the general regions in which these species are found

Species	Pathogen	General region	References
Culex erraticus	EEEV, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, WNV, Zika virus	Southeastern USA, Midwestern USA, Mexico, South America	[92–95]
Culex nigripalpus	EEEV, SLEV, WNV, Zika virus, dog heartworm, avian malaria	Southeastern USA, Mexico, South America	[4, 96–98]
Culex pipiens	SLEV, WNV, Zika virus, filarial worms, avian malaria	Mexico, Canada, Midwestern USA, northeast USA	[3, 96, 99]
Culex quinquefasciatus	SLEV, WEEV, WNV, Zika virus, lymphatic filariasis	Southern USA, Mexico, South America	[24, 98, 100–102]
Culex restuans	SLEV, WNV	Canada, Mexico, eastern USA	[3, 98, 99]
Culex salinarius	SLEV, WEEV, WNV	Midwestern USA, northeastern USA, southeastern USA	[98, 99]
Culex tarsalis	SLEV, WEEV, WNV, Zika virus	Mexico; west of the Mississippi, USA; southeastern USA	[96, 98, 103]

EEEV Eastern equine encephalitis virus, WNV West Nile virus, SLEV St. Louis encephalitis virus, WEEV western equine encephalitis virus