Table 3. A detailed summary of studies that have assessed the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetes mellitus.

T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; ALT: alanine transaminase; HbA1C: glycosylated hemoglobin; RYGB: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; LAGB: laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

Author and year of study	Study design	Population studied, country	Sample (n), type 1/type 2	Diagnostic methods	Results	NAFLD prevalence	Conclusion
Lédinghen et al. (2012) [38]	Cross-sectional, prospective	Hospitalized diabetic patients, France	277, T1DM: 52%	Fibrotest scoring, FibroScan	Median Fibrotest score: 0.31, median liver stiffness: 4.8 kPA	Severe fibrosis: 15.5%	Higher prevalence of severe liver fibrosis in the study population, T2DM>T1DM
Cipponeri et al. (2019) [39]	Cross-sectional, prospective	Type 1 diabetic adults, Italy	220	Liver ultrasound		NAFLD positive: 57/220, grade 1: 51/57, grade 2: 5/57, grade 3: 1/57	NAFLD prevalence was higher in patients with diabetes irrespective of their vitamin D status
Vilar-Gomez et al. (2015) [41]	Interventional, prospective	Patients with histologically proven NASH, Cuba	293	Liver biopsies	Complete resolution: 72 (25%), reduction in NASH score: 138 (47%), regression of fibrosis: 56 (19%)		Weight loss and lifestyle interventions are associated with a resolution of NAFLD changes
Xourafas et al. (2021) [43]	Interventional, prospective	Patients recruited for bariatric surgery, Israel	756	Postoperative alanine transaminase (ALT) and HbA1C levels	Reduction in ALT post-RYGB: 20%, post-LAGB: 17%		ALT and HbA1C levels normalized in diabetics after bariatric surgery