Table 1.
Summary of variables included in the Respiratory Index of Severity in Children (RISC) [4], RISC-Malawi [6], and Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) [7] hospitalized pneumonia-related mortality prediction scores
| Parameter | Weighted points | Original derivation area under the curve |
|---|---|---|
|
RISC for HIV-negative children 0-24 months
| ||
| Oxygen saturation (SpO2)≤90% |
3 |
0.92 |
|
OR
|
|
|
| Chest indrawing |
2 |
|
| Wheezing |
-2 |
|
| Refusal to feed |
1 |
|
| World Health Organization (WHO) weight for age z-score≤-3 |
2 |
|
| WHO weight for age z-score>-3 to≤-2 |
1 |
|
|
Maximum score (original and external application)
|
6
|
|
|
RISC-Malawi using weight for age z-score for children 2-59 months
| ||
| SpO2≥93% |
0 |
0.80 |
| SpO2 90%-92% |
1 |
|
| SpO2<90% |
5 |
|
| WHO weight for age z-score≥-2 |
0 |
|
| WHO weight for age z-score≥-3 to<-2 |
3 |
|
| WHO weight for age z-score<-3 |
6 |
|
| Male |
0 |
|
| Female |
1 |
|
| Wheezing |
-1 |
|
| Unconscious |
5 |
|
|
Maximum score (original and external application)
|
17
|
|
|
PERCH Study score for HIV-negative children 1-59 months
| ||
| Age 1-11 months |
2 |
0.76 |
| Age 12-59 months |
0 |
|
| Male |
0 |
|
| Female |
1 |
|
| Unresponsive without deep breathing* |
2 |
|
| Unresponsive with deep breathing* |
5 |
|
| Cough (observed) |
-1 |
|
| Grunting (observed) |
2 |
|
| SpO2<92% |
2 |
|
| Maximum duration of illness 3-5 d |
2 |
|
| Maximum duration of illness >5 d |
2 |
|
| WHO weight for height z-score≥-2† |
0 |
|
| WHO weight for height z-score≥-3 to<-2 |
2 |
|
| WHO weight for height z-score<-3 |
3 |
|
|
Maximum score (original)
|
17
|
|
| Maximum score (external application) | 12 | |
*Deep breathing not available in WHO PREPARE data set.
†Weight for age z-score used in the external application.