Table 1.
Etiologic identification in different groups
| Etiology | Total, n (%) (n = 5544) | Age, years, n (%) | Diagnosis, n (%) | Sample type, n (%) | Underlying disease, n (%) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 2 (n = 3106) | 2–4 (n = 1305) | 5–11 (n = 987) | 12–18 (n = 146) | P | Mild to moderate pneumonia (n = 4853) | Severe pneumonia (n = 691) | P | NPS (n = 5298) | ALF (n = 246) | P | With (n = 1697) | Without (n = 3847) | P | ||
| RSV | 546 (9.8) | 421 (13.6) | 107 (8.2) | 17 (1.7) | 1 (0.7) | < 0.0001 | 495 (10.2) | 51 (7.4) | 0.020 | 537 (10.1) | 9 (3.7) | 0.001 | 144 (8.5) | 402 (10.4) | 0.024 |
| FLU A | 59 (1.1) | 26 (0.8) | 20 (1.5) | 12 (1.2) | 1 (0.7) | 0.199 | 49 (1.0) | 10 (1.4) | 0.294 | 59 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0.178b | 16 (0.9) | 43 (1.1) | 0.559 |
| FLU B | 31 (0.6) | 13 (0.4) | 12 (0.9) | 6 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0.171 | 29 (0.6) | 2 (0.3) | 0.457b | 31 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0.444b | 4 (0.2) | 27 (0.7) | 0.032 |
| PIV1 | 58 (1.0) | 46 (1.5) | 9 (0.7) | 4 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0.006C | 55 (1.1) | 4 (0.6) | 0.184 | 57 (1.1) | 2 (0.8) | 0.962b | 21 (1.2) | 38 (1.0) | 0.404 |
| PIV2 | 10 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | 7 (0.5) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0.007C | 8 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 0.808b | 10 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 1a | 3 (0.2) | 7 (0.2) | 1b |
| PIV3 | 296 (5.3) | 233 (7.5) | 45 (3.4) | 16 (1.6) | 2 (1.4) | < 0.0001 | 273 (5. 6) | 23 (3.3) | 0.012 | 285 (5.4) | 11 (4.5) | 0.536 | 112 (6.6) | 184 (4.8) | 0.006 |
| ADV | 112 (2.0) | 59 (1.9) | 40 (3.0) | 12 (1.2) | 1 (0.7) | 0.007C | 81 (1.7) | 31 (4.5) | < 0.0001 | 109 (2.1) | 3 (1.2) | 0.496b | 25 (1.5) | 87 (2.3) | 0.055 |
| hMPV | 41 (0.7) | 25 (0.8) | 12 (0.9) | 4 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0.341 | 36 (0.7) | 5 (0.7) | 0.958 | 40 (0.8) | 1 (0.4) | 0.808 | 7 (0.4) | 34 (0.9) | 0.059 |
| Co-infection | 27 (0.5) | 20 (0.6)d | 7 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 23 (0.5)d | 4 (0.6) | – | 25 (0.5)d | 2 (0.8) | – | 5 (0.3) | 22 (0.6)d | – |
| Total, n (%) | – | 804 (25.9) | 245 (18.8) | 72 (7.3) | 5 (3.4) | 0.000 | 1002 (20.6) | 124 (17.9) | 0.099 | 1102 (20.8) | 24 (9.8) | 0.000 | 327 (19.1) | 799 (20.8) | 0.201 |
RSV respiratory syncytial virus; FLU influenza virus; PIV parainfluenza virus; ADV human adenovirus; hMPV human metapneumovirus; NPS nasopharyngeal secretions; ALF alveolar lavage fluid
aP value was estimated using Fisher’s exact test
bP value was estimated using continuity correction chi-square test
cP value was < 0.05 comparing each group of two
dTwo kinds of viruses were co-detected, including one sample positive for RSV, ADV and PIV1